Abstract
The genotoxic effects of inorganic fluorides were investigated by treating cultured rat bone marrow cells with varying concentrations (0.1-100 microM) of potassium fluoride (KF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) for different durations (12, 24 and 36 h) and measuring the incidence of cells with aberrations and number of breaks per cell. Both forms of fluoride were found to be weak mutagens relative to the positive control N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). A specificity of fluoride ion in inducing chromosome aberrations (CA) was indicated by the observation that both NaF and KF behaved almost equivalently in this study and at significantly higher variations from the results with potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
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The effect of fluoride therapy on blood chemistry parameters in osteoporotic females
To determine the potential adverse effects, if any, of long-term fluoride ingestion in humans, samples were collected from 25 adult females taking daily doses of fluoride (mean, 23 mg elemental F) for the treatment of osteoporosis and from 38 osteoporotic female controls. Patients in the fluoride group had been receiving
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Genotoxic damage in oral epithelial cells induced by fluoride in drinking-water on students of Tula de Allende, Hidalgo, Mexico
Fluoride (F-) compounds are present on the earth’s surface, water, volcanoes and are also a product of petrochemical and cement industries. Little amounts of F- are required for the formation of bones and enamel, however, according to World Health Organization (WHO), ingestion of over 1.5 mg/L of F- may be
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Genetic toxicity of fluoride
F- is not mutagenic in standard bacterial systems, but produces chromosome aberrations and gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells. Although there is disagreement in the literature concerning the ability of F- to induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human and rodent cells, the weight of the evidence leads to the conclusion
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Extrapolation from in vitro tests to human risk: experience with sodium fluoride clastogenicity
Genotoxic effects observed in vitro, only at high doses or high levels of cytotoxicity, will be false positives if such conditions are not achieved or cannot be tolerated in vivo. However, for such effects to be disregarded there must be a threshold dose or level of cytotoxicity below which genotoxicity
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Cytogenetic effects of hydrogen fluoride gas on maize
Maize seedlings of the genotype C I Sh Wx were fumigated with hydrogen fluoride gas (HF) continuously for 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. Miscrospore mitosis of the treated plants indicated the presence of fragments and bridges suggesting the occurrence of the phenomenon of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle of McClintock. This phenomenon
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Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis
The rise of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the fluorine-intoxicated patients indicates that fluorine is a mutagenic agent which can cause DNA and chromosomal damage.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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Fluoride & Liver Cancers in NTP Bioassay
On October 28, 1988, Battelle Columbus Laboratories submitted its Final Report to the NTP concerning the results of the Mouse study. The principal finding of Battelle's report was that a dose-dependent increase of a rare liver cancer (hepatocholangiocarcinoma) had occurred in the fluoride-treated male and female mice.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: The "Oral Health Research Institute's" Studies
Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have detected mutagenic effects from fluoride exposure, the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana University's School of Dentistry has repeatedly failed to find any such effect in multiple studies on the subject.
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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