Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for the prevention of dental caries at various concentrations. The clastogenic effect of NaF has been tested by the use of several cytogenetic assay systems, but the findings on its genotoxicity are not consistent. In this study, the effects of NaF on chromosomes, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were investigated using cultured human lymphocytes. For clastogenicity testing, cells were treated for 24 h in various concentrations of NaF. At least two donors were tested for each concentration and more than 10,000 cells were totally observed. The frequencies of chromosome aberrations were 0.78 + 0.72, 0.88 + 0.56, 0.77 + 0.45, 5.95 + 5.35, 57.76 + 31.46, 108.00 + 59.40, 80.00 + 53.70 and 40.00 + 5.66 per 100 cells for concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mM, respectively. Considerable differences among individuals were observed, but there was no significant difference between sexes. Sodium fluoride treatment had remarkable effects on the induction of isochromatid gaps and chromosome breaks (NUpds). At various concentrations of NaF ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 mM, no increase in UDS and SCE was observed.
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Sodium fluoride-induced chromosome aberrations in different stages of the cell cycle: a proposed mechanism
In an attempt to clarify the controversy about sodium fluoride (NaF) clastogenicity, the induction of chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) by NaF was investigated. Following a protocol used for screening chemicals for clastogenic activity, significant increases of aberrant cells were observed when cells were exposed to NaF
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Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in lymphocytes of workers at a phosphate fertilizer factory
The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 40 workers at a phosphate fertilizer factory in North China, were studied. HF and SiF4 are the main air pollutants and small amounts of dust containing fluoride, NH3 and SO2 were also present in the factory.
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Induction of chromosomal aberrations in male mouse germ cells by uranyl fluoride containing enriched uranium
Cytogenetic damage induced by a wide range of concentrations of uranyl fluoride injected into mouse testes was evaluated by determining the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. Breaks, gaps and polyploids were observed in spermatogonia. The frequencies of the significant type of aberration, breaks, were induced according
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[Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fluorides in human mucosa and lymphocytes]
BACKGROUND: Fluorides are widely used in dental health products and drinking water, due to their beneficial effects in caries-prophylaxis and -treatment. Nevertheless, irritation of the gingiva and oropharyngeal mucosa as well as in gastric mucosa is observed since neither local nor systemic application is restricted to the teeth. These effects
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Effects of different concentrations of fluoride in oral mucosal cells in albino rats
INTRODUCTION: Fluoride has been described to be physiologically essential for the normal development and growth of human beings. However, it is well known that excessive fluoride causes skeletal, nonskeletal and dental complications. Therefore, outlining the cytogenetic effects induced by fluorosis is necessary. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cytomorphology of exfoliated oral mucosal
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vitro Studies
According to the National Toxicology Program, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory "in vitro" studies indicate that fluoride is a mutagenic compound. Many substances which are mutagens, are also carcinogens (i.e. they can cause cancer). As is typical for in vitro studies, the concentrations of fluoride that have generally been tested
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Fluoride & Liver Cancers in NTP Bioassay
On October 28, 1988, Battelle Columbus Laboratories submitted its Final Report to the NTP concerning the results of the Mouse study. The principal finding of Battelle's report was that a dose-dependent increase of a rare liver cancer (hepatocholangiocarcinoma) had occurred in the fluoride-treated male and female mice.
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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NTP Bioassay on Fluoride/Cancer (1990)
In 1977, the U.S. Congress requested that animal studies be conducted to determine if fluoride can cause cancer. The result of the Congressional request was an extensive animal study conducted in the 1980s by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and published in 1990. The main finding of NTP's study was a dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma (bone cancer) among the fluoride-treated male rats.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: The "Oral Health Research Institute's" Studies
Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have detected mutagenic effects from fluoride exposure, the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana University's School of Dentistry has repeatedly failed to find any such effect in multiple studies on the subject.
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