Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for the prevention of dental caries at various concentrations. The clastogenic effect of NaF has been tested by the use of several cytogenetic assay systems, but the findings on its genotoxicity are not consistent. In this study, the effects of NaF on chromosomes, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were investigated using cultured human lymphocytes. For clastogenicity testing, cells were treated for 24 h in various concentrations of NaF. At least two donors were tested for each concentration and more than 10,000 cells were totally observed. The frequencies of chromosome aberrations were 0.78 + 0.72, 0.88 + 0.56, 0.77 + 0.45, 5.95 + 5.35, 57.76 + 31.46, 108.00 + 59.40, 80.00 + 53.70 and 40.00 + 5.66 per 100 cells for concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mM, respectively. Considerable differences among individuals were observed, but there was no significant difference between sexes. Sodium fluoride treatment had remarkable effects on the induction of isochromatid gaps and chromosome breaks (NUpds). At various concentrations of NaF ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 mM, no increase in UDS and SCE was observed.
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Investigation of the anti-genotoxic effect of ocimum sanctum in fluoride induced genotoxicity
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-genotoxic effect of Ocimum sanctum on fluoride induced genotoxicity and its impact on oxidative stress. Exposure to fluoride can mainly occur through drinking water when the levels far exceed the permissible limit. Fluorosis is a serious problem the world over resulting in
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Genotoxic damage in oral epithelial cells induced by fluoride in drinking-water on students of Tula de Allende, Hidalgo, Mexico
Fluoride (F-) compounds are present on the earth’s surface, water, volcanoes and are also a product of petrochemical and cement industries. Little amounts of F- are required for the formation of bones and enamel, however, according to World Health Organization (WHO), ingestion of over 1.5 mg/L of F- may be
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Genetic effects of hydrogen fluoride on Drosophila Melanogaster
Drosophila males were fumigated with gaseous hydrogen fluoride in two series of experiments. In Series I, wild type Oregon-R males were treated by continuous flow of HF for 10 hours. In Series II, dp+/+b males were treated at a steady state level of HF for 9 hours. Treated and control
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DNA damage induced by fluoride in rat kidney cells.
DNA damage by fluoride to newborn rat kidney cells isolated by enzymic digestion is reported. The cells were exposed for 24 hr to sodium fluoride at NaF concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mM. Damage to DNA was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). Significant breakage of DNA strands
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Chronic fluoride exposure does not cause detrimental, extraskeletal effects in nutritionally deficient rats
On the basis of observations that endemic fluorosis occurs more often in malnourished populations, a series of studies tested the hypothesis that deficient dietary intake of calcium, protein or energy affects fluoride metabolism so that the margin of safe fluoride exposure may be reduced. The objective of the investigation was
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: The "Oral Health Research Institute's" Studies
Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have detected mutagenic effects from fluoride exposure, the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana University's School of Dentistry has repeatedly failed to find any such effect in multiple studies on the subject.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vitro Studies
According to the National Toxicology Program, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory "in vitro" studies indicate that fluoride is a mutagenic compound. Many substances which are mutagens, are also carcinogens (i.e. they can cause cancer). As is typical for in vitro studies, the concentrations of fluoride that have generally been tested
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Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis
The rise of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the fluorine-intoxicated patients indicates that fluorine is a mutagenic agent which can cause DNA and chromosomal damage.
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Fluoride & Osteosarcoma: A Timeline
Several human epidemiological studies have found an association between fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in young males. These studies are consistent with the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) cancer bioassay which found that fluoride-treated male rats had an dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma. Although a number of studies have failed to detect an association between fluoride and osteosarcoma, none of these studies have measured the risk of fluoride at specific windows in time, which based on recent results, is the critical question with respect to fluoride and osteosarcoma.
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