Abstract
Maize seedlings of the genotype A1A2C1Wx were fumigated in growth chambers with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at a concentration of about 3 ug/m3. The experiment was run for 1O days, with the first group of treated plants removed from the chambers after 4 days and then at intervals of 2 days. Microsporocyte smears from the treated plants revealed chromosomal aberations that included asynaptic regions, translocations, inversions; and bridges plus fragments or fragments by themselves. It is believed that these abnormalities were due to the physiological effect of HF causing the chromosomes to become sticky and/or to the occurrence of chromatid breakage followed by reunion to form structural changes. These findings indicate that HF is a mutagenic agent.
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Cytotoxic and phytotoxic effects of the main chemical components of spent pot-liner: A comparative approach
Spent pot-liner (SPL) is a hazardous solid waste produced by the aluminum industry. Although its composition may vary, fluoride and cyanide salts as well as aluminum are predominant components. A seed-germination and root-elongation test was performed with Lactuca sativa seeds as a test system. SPL induced decrease of seed germination
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Sodium fluoride induced chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in cultured human lymphocytes
Experimental sodium fluoride (NaF) up 10 30 times the level recommended In drinking waler (1 ppm) was compared with an inorganic salt for its ability to induce chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in cultured human lymphocytes. An increase in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations but not of SCE
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Sodium fluoride is a less efficient human cell mutagen at low concentrations
Sodium fluoride was found to induce gene-locus mutations at the thymidine kinase (tk) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hgprt) loci in human lymphoblastoid cells. A single, 28 hr exposure to up to 600 micrograms/ml sodium fluoride induced a concentration-dependent increase in mutant fraction at both gene loci and reduced cell
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Cytogenetic effect of inorganic fluorine compounds on human and animal cells in vivo and in vitro
The object of this study was the mutagenic effect of hydrogen fluoride, cryolite and their mixtures on chromosomes of cells of animals subjected to the inhalation of these compounds and also the mutagenic effect of sodium fluoride on cells of human leucocyte cultures. An increase from 1.24 (in the control) to
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Genotoxic evaluation of sodium fluoride in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART)
In this study, genotoxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers mwh and flr, were treated at different concentrations (2.5 microg/ml, 5 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml) of the test compounds. After the treatment the observed
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vitro Studies
According to the National Toxicology Program, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory "in vitro" studies indicate that fluoride is a mutagenic compound. Many substances which are mutagens, are also carcinogens (i.e. they can cause cancer). As is typical for in vitro studies, the concentrations of fluoride that have generally been tested
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Fluoride & Osteosarcoma: A Timeline
Several human epidemiological studies have found an association between fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in young males. These studies are consistent with the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) cancer bioassay which found that fluoride-treated male rats had an dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma. Although a number of studies have failed to detect an association between fluoride and osteosarcoma, none of these studies have measured the risk of fluoride at specific windows in time, which based on recent results, is the critical question with respect to fluoride and osteosarcoma.
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NTP Bioassay on Fluoride/Cancer (1990)
In 1977, the U.S. Congress requested that animal studies be conducted to determine if fluoride can cause cancer. The result of the Congressional request was an extensive animal study conducted in the 1980s by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and published in 1990. The main finding of NTP's study was a dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma (bone cancer) among the fluoride-treated male rats.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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