Abstract
Fluoride has been widely used in dentistry because it is an effective caries prophylactic agent. However, excess fluoride may represent a hazard to human health, especially by causing injury on the genetic apparatus. Genotoxicity tests form an important part of cancer research and risk assessment of potential carcinogens. In the current study, the potential DNA damage associated with exposure to fluoride was assessed by the single cell gel (comet) assay in peripheral blood, oral mucosa and brain cells in vivo. Male Wistar rats were exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) at a 0, 7 and 100 ppm dose for drinking water during 6 weeks. The results pointed out that NaF did not contribute to the DNA damage in all cellular types evaluated as depicted by the mean tail moment and tail intensity. These findings are clinically important since they represent an important contribution to the correct evaluation of the potential health risk associated with dental agents exposure.
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Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Lithuanian populations: effects of occupational and environmental exposures
Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition,
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Differential in vivo genotoxic effects of lower and higher concentrations of fluoride in mouse bone marrow cells.
In an in vivo genotoxicity investigation of the action of fluoride (F) on bone marrow cells, sodium fluoride (NaF) was administered through the drinking water of 2–3 month old Swiss albino mice for 30 days at lower (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/L) and higher concentrations (100 and 150 mg/L). Mitotic
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Genotoxic effect and rat hepatocyte death occurred after oxidative stress induction and antioxidant gene downregulation caused by long term fluoride exposure
Studies focusing on possible genotoxic effects of excess fluoride are contradictory and inconclusive. Currently, studies have reported a probable link to oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis induced by fluoride in rat hepatocytes. We developed an in vivostudy administering three doses of fluoride by gavage given to rats for 60 day.
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Genotoxic evaluation of chronic fluoride exposure: micronucleus and sperm morphology studies
The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of chronic fluoride exposure on mammalian cells in vivo by use of the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test and the sperm morphology methodology. Mice of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at weaning and maintained on a low-fluoride diet (less than 0.2
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Cell cycle dependence of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity induced by treatment of synchronized human diploid fibroblasts with sodium fluoride
To study the cell cycle dependence of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity of sodium fluoride (NaF), synchronized human diploid fibroblasts were treated with NaF during different phases of the cell cycle and analyzed. Exponentially growing cells were synchronized by the following two procedures. (1) The cells were synchronized at G0/G1 phase by
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Fluoride & Osteosarcoma: A Timeline
Several human epidemiological studies have found an association between fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in young males. These studies are consistent with the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) cancer bioassay which found that fluoride-treated male rats had an dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma. Although a number of studies have failed to detect an association between fluoride and osteosarcoma, none of these studies have measured the risk of fluoride at specific windows in time, which based on recent results, is the critical question with respect to fluoride and osteosarcoma.
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Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis
The rise of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the fluorine-intoxicated patients indicates that fluorine is a mutagenic agent which can cause DNA and chromosomal damage.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: The "Oral Health Research Institute's" Studies
Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have detected mutagenic effects from fluoride exposure, the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana University's School of Dentistry has repeatedly failed to find any such effect in multiple studies on the subject.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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