Abstract
The status of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidants was studied in red cell blood lysates of male subjects, aged 41-50, living in an endemic fluorosis area, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The men were divided into four groups: 1) normal healthy individuals (n=10); 2) individuals with mild dental fluorosis (n=13); 3) individual with moderate dental fluorosis (n=8); 4) individuals with severe dental fluorosis (n=7). In the groups with dental fluorosis, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was higher in the red blood cell lysates along with a concomitant decrease in the levels of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Statistical analysis of all the group data revealed that increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant status induced by fluoride were strongly associated with the prevalence of dental fluorosis.
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Effect of Fluoride on the Expression of 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine in the Blood, Kidney, Liver, and Brain of Rats.
Excessive exposure of fluoride not only leads to damage on bone, but also has an adverse effect on soft tissues. Oxidative DNA damage induced by fluoride is thought to be one of the toxic mechanisms of fluoride effect. However, the dose–response of fluoride on oxidative DNA damage is barely studied
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Influence of methionine upon the concentration of malondialdehyde in the tissues and blood of rats exposed to sodium fluoride
The aim of the study has been to determine the influence upon the kidney, liver, and the blood prooxidative system, exercised by administration of methionine (Met), under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride (NaF).The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult females) that, for 35 days,
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Effects of Fluoride on Oxidative Stress Markers of Lipid, Gene, and Protein in Rats.
Endemic fluorosis is a systemic chronic disease caused by excessive intake of fluoride. It is widely accepted that oxidative stress is closely related to fluorosis; however, molecular mechanism of oxidative stress in fluorosis remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of fluoride (F) on oxidative stress markers of lipid, gene,
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3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde mitigates fluoride-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in human RBC.
Highlights NaF enhances intracellular generation of ROS and RNS in human RBC. It increases oxidation of proteins, thiols and lipids. NaF inhibits antioxidant enzymes and lowers antioxidant power of RBC. Antioxidant 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde mitigates NaF-induced oxidative damage in RBC. Background Fluoride is an essential micronutrient that is needed for mineralization of bones and
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Protections against toxicity in the brains of rat with chronic fluorosis and primary neurons exposed to fluoride by resveratrol involves nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Highlights Fluorosis decreased learning and memory of rats and increased oxidative stress. The changes above may be associated with the lower expressions of a7 and a4 nAChRs. RSV attenuated the toxic effect by fluorosis, which might involve stimulating nAChRs. Protection of Resveratrol (RSV) against the neurotoxicity induced by high level of
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Racial Disparities in Dental Fluorosis
In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control published the results of a national survey of dental fluorosis conducted between 1999 and 2002. According to the CDC, black children in the United States have significantly higher rates of dental fluorosis than either white or Hispanic children. This was not the first time that black children were found to suffer higher rates of dental fluorosis. At least five other studies -- dating as far back as the 1960s -- have found black children in the United States are disproportionately impacted by dental fluorosis.
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Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis: The TSIF ("Total Surface Index of Fluorosis")
The traditional criteria (the "Dean Index") for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by H. Trendley Dean. While the Dean Index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis -- including the CDC's national surveys of fluorosis in the United States -- dental
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Dental Fluorosis Impacts Dentin in Addition to Enamel
Dental fluorosis is a mineralization defect of tooth enamel marked by increased subsurface porosity. The enamel, however, is not the only component of teeth that is effected. As several studies have demonstrated, dental fluorosis can also impair the mineralization of dentin as well. As noted in one review: "The fact that
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
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Moderate/Severe Dental Fluorosis
In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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