Abstract
In the village of Kheru Nayak Thanda in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka, India, 18 children aged 3 to 10 years with endemic skeletal fluorosis were shown to have oxidative stress as evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde in their red blood cells, indicating increased lipid peroxidation. Significant alterations of antioxidant systems in the blood were confirmed by decreased levels of glutathione and uric acid together with an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase as well as the level of ascorbic acid along with a slight decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase.
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Evaluation of total oxidative status and total antioxidant capacity in patients with endemic fluorosis
The objective of the present study was to determine the plasma total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients with endemic fluorosis. A total of 79 (35 males and 44 females; mean age 44.0 ± 11.9 years) patients with endemic fluorosis and 55 (23 males and 32
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In vivo protective effects of gallic acid isolated from peltiphyllum peltatum against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes
Gallic acid has been identified as an antioxidant component of the edible and medicinal plant Peltiphyllum peltatum. The present study examined its potential protective role against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. Oxidative stress was induced by NaF administration through drinking water (1030.675 mg m-3 for one week).
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Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants status in seminal plasma of skeletal fluorotic patients
Fluoride contamination in water (>1.5ppm) is the global problem for health in general. Fluoride has been reported to be a causative factor for male infertility. However, limited scientific literature is available on this aspect. The objective of the present study was to examine the fluoride induced oxidative burden and its
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Influence of methionine upon the concentration of malondialdehyde in the tissues and blood of rats exposed to sodium fluoride
The aim of the study has been to determine the influence upon the kidney, liver, and the blood prooxidative system, exercised by administration of methionine (Met), under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride (NaF).The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult females) that, for 35 days,
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Fluoride in Drinking Water and Skeletal Fluorosis: a Review of the Global Impact.
When safe and adequate exposure of an essential trace element is exceeded it becomes potentially toxic. Fluoride is one classic example of such a double edged sword which both plays a fundamental role in the normal growth and development of the body for example the consumption of levels between 0.5–1.0 ppm
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Gastrointestinal Problems Among Individuals with Skeletal Fluorosis
Humans suffering from skeletal fluorosis are known to suffer from an increased occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders. When fluoride intake is reduced, these gastrointestinal problems are among the first symptoms to disappear. The following are some of the studies that have examined this issue: "It is clear from the observations presented in this article
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Variability in Radiographic Appearance of Skeletal Fluorosis
Osteosclerosis (dense bone) is the bone change typically associated with skeletal fluorosis, particularly in the axial skeleton (spine, pelvis, and ribs). Research shows, however, that skeletal fluorosis produces a spectrum of bone changes, including osteomalacia, osteoporosis, exostoses, changes resulting from secondary hyperparathyroidism, and combinations thereof. Although the reason for this radiographic variability is not yet fully understood, it is believed to relate to the dose of fluoride consumed, the individual's nutritional status, exposure to aluminum, genetic susceptibility, presence of kidney disease, and area of the skeleton examined.
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Skeletal Changes in Industrial and Endemic Fluorosis
Fluorotic changes in bones and joints were evaluated in 105 aluminum workers and 20 residents of an endemic fluorosis region in India.
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