Abstract
Effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on washed, ejaculated human spermatozoa at doses of 25, 50, and 250 mM were investigated in vitro at intervals of 5, 10, and 20 min. Sodium fluoride (NaF) did not affect the extracellular pH of sperm, except that a slight acidification was caused by the 250 mM dose only. The treatment caused a significant enhancement in acid phosphatase (ACPase) and hyaluronidase activities after 5 and 10 min. However, the decrease in the lysosomal enzyme activity after 20 min treatment could have been due to the gradual increase in fluoride accumulation by spermatozoa leading to membrane damage. Silver nitrate staining of sperm revealed elongated heads, deflagellation, and loss of the acrosome together with coiling of the tail. Sperm glutathione levels also showed a time-dependent decrease with complete depletion after 20 min indicating rapid glutathione oxidation in detoxification of the NaF. The altered lysosomal enzyme activity and glutathione levels together with morphologic anomalies resulted in a significant decline in sperm motility with an effective dose of 250 mM.
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Synergistic effects of arsenic and fluoride on oxidative stress and apoptotic pathway in Leydig and Sertoli cells.
Highlights As and/or F reduced cell viability and proliferation in Leydig and Sertoli cells. As and/or F caused oxidative damage by increasing the ROS in TM3 and TM4 cells. As and/or F disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity in Leydig and Sertoli cells. As and/or F altered the expression levels of
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Toxic effects of fluoride on reproductive ability in male rats: sperm motility, oxidative stress, cell cycle, and testicular apoptosis.
To investigate the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm motility, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the testes, male Wistar rats were exposed to 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg NaF/kg bw/day by intragastric gavage for 90 days. Sperm motility was significantly inhibited, especially at the lower F intake level. Significant
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Fluoride-induced apoptosis and gene expression profiling in mice sperm in vivo.
Exposure to fluoride can induce low sperm quality; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which fluoride exerts its toxic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate ultrastructure, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sperm of mice treated with 150 mg/l NaF for 49 days. Furthermore, microarray analysis was also utilized
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NADPH oxidase participates in the oxidative damage caused by fluoride in rat spermatozoa. Protective role of a-tocopherol
Fluorosis, caused by drinking water contaminated with inorganic fluoride, is a public health problem in many areas around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress in spermatozoa caused by fluoride and NADPH oxidase in relationship to fluoride. Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were
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Time-dependent effect of ground water fluoride on motility, abnormality and antioxidant status of spermatozoa: An in vitro study.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of ground water fluoride (F) on motility, abnormality, and antioxidant status of spermatozoa. Treatment of ground water F with epididymal sperm suspension caused complete loss of sperm motility and decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Nutrient Deficiencies Enhance Fluoride Toxicity
It has been known since the 1930s that poor nutrition enhances the toxicity of fluoride. As discussed below, nutrient deficiencies have been specifically linked to increased susceptibility to fluoride-induced tooth damage (dental fluorosis), bone damage (osteomalacia), neurotoxicity (reduced intelligence), and mutagenicity. The nutrients of primary importance appear to be calcium,
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Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality.
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4472-6. Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality. Lu Y, Guo WF, Yang XQ. Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Abstract: The tea plant is known as a fluorine accumulator. Fluoride (F) content in fresh leaves collected
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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