Abstract
Sixty-gramme rats were given either 0, 75, 100 or 150 parts/10(6) fluoride in their drinking water. After five weeks, the fluoride, the phosphorus and the protein contents of the enamel were compared in control and experimental animals at three stages of enamel development. The mineral content was reduced in pigmented enamel from animals given 75 parts/10(6) or more fluoride in their drinking water. The fluoride content was elevated in all stages of fluorosed enamel development. At the lowest fluoride level (75 parts/10(6], a larger proline content was found in the proteins of the maturing, fluorosed enamel but there was no increase in the protein content. In animals given 100 parts/10(6) fluoride in their drinking water, the proline content of the protein was greater in maturing, fluorosed enamel, and the total protein content of the post-secretory enamel (maturing and pigmented) was greater than in the controls. These observations indicate that, with increasing levels of fluoride in drinking water, there was an initial delay in the loss of the amelogenin proteins followed by a decreased removal of total protein from the enamel. These results indicate that fluoride interfered with the normal post-secretory, pre-eruptive development of enamel.
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Protective effect of lycopene on fluoride-induced ameloblasts apoptosis and dental fluorosis through oxidative stress-mediated Caspase pathways
Fluoride is an environmental toxicant and induces dental fluorosis and oxidative stress. Lycopene (LYC) is an effective antioxidant that is reported to attenuate fluoride toxicity. To determine the effects of LYC on sodium fluoride (NaF) -induced teeth and ameloblasts toxicity, rats were treated with NaF (10 mg/kg) and/or LYC (10 mg/kg) by
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Stress Response Pathways in Ameloblasts: Implications for Amelogenesis and Dental Fluorosis
Human enamel development of the permanent teeth takes place during childhood and stresses encountered during this period can have lasting effects on the appearance and structural integrity of the enamel. One of the most common examples of this is the development of dental fluorosis after childhood exposure to excess fluoride,
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Exposure to lead exacerbates dental fluorosis.
AIM: Our aim was to test the hypothesis that co-exposure to lead and fluoride alter the severity of enamel fluorosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were allocated in four groups: control, and 3 groups that received water containing 100 ppm of fluoride (F), 30 ppm of lead (Pb), or 100 ppm of F
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Micromolar fluoride alters ameloblast lineage cells in vitro.
Fluorosed enamel is caused by exposure to fluoride during tooth formation. The objective of this study was to determine whether epithelial ameloblast-lineage cells, derived from the human enamel organ, are directly affected by micromolar concentrations of fluoride. Cells were cultured in the presence of fluoride, and proliferation was measured by
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Fine mapping of dental fluorosis quantitative trait loci in mice.
Genetic factors underlie the susceptibility and the resistance to dental fluorosis (DF). The A/J (DF susceptible) and 129P3/J (DF resistant) mouse strains have previously been used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with DF on chromosome (Chr) 2 and Chr 11. In the present study, increased marker density genotyping
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Mechanisms by Which Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis Remain Unknown
When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
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Racial Disparities in Dental Fluorosis
In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control published the results of a national survey of dental fluorosis conducted between 1999 and 2002. According to the CDC, black children in the United States have significantly higher rates of dental fluorosis than either white or Hispanic children. This was not the first time that black children were found to suffer higher rates of dental fluorosis. At least five other studies -- dating as far back as the 1960s -- have found black children in the United States are disproportionately impacted by dental fluorosis.
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Severe Dental Fluorosis: Perception and Psychological Impact
[caption id="attachment_8879" align="aligncenter" width="550"] Severe fluorosis - Photograph by David Kennedy, DDS[/caption] In its severe forms, dental fluorosis causes highly disfiguring brown and black staining of the teeth, which can cause chronic embarrassment and social anxiety for the impacted child. In 1984, a panel from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) warned
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"Mild" Dental Fluorosis: Perceptions & Psychological Impact
The vast majority of research has found that patients, parents, and the general public alike view mild fluorosis (TF score 3) as a significant blemish of the teeth, one that is likely to embarrass the affected child to a degree that cosmetic treatment would be warranted.
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