Abstract
Five-day-old Wistar rats were given three intraperitoneal injections at 2-hourly intervals of a solution of sodium fluoride in 0.9 per cent sodium chloride. Three fluoride levels were used: a mottling dose of 3 mgF/kg body weight; and two sub-mottling doses, 0.05 mg and 0.01 mgF/kg body weight. Thirty minutes after the last injection, each rat received 5 ?Ci/g body weight of [3H]-serine. The design allowed for within-litter comparisons of treatments to be made. Rats were killed 1 hr and 20 hr after the injection of the label, and the tissues were processed for light microscope autoradiography.
After 1 hr, there was a reduced uptake with the mottling dose and an increased uptake with the smaller sub-mottling dose of fluoride. However, there was not a uniformly parallel pattern at 20 hr.
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Fluorosed mouse ameloblasts have increased SATB1 retention and Gaq activity
Dental fluorosis is characterized by subsurface hypomineralization and increased porosity of enamel, associated with a delay in the removal of enamel matrix proteins. To investigate the effects of fluoride on ameloblasts, A/J mice were given 50 ppm sodium fluoride in drinking water for four weeks, resulting serum fluoride levels of
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High-fluoride promoted phagocytosis-induced apoptosis in a matured ameloblast-like cell line
Endocytosis and phagocytosis are important physiologic activities occurring during ameloblast differentiation. We have previously found that excess fluoride inhibited ameloblasts endocytotic functions. Here, we hypothesized that increasing amounts of fluoride may affect ameloblast phagocytotic function during their differentiation. Using cell culture, we first induced maturation of the mouse ameloblast-like LS8
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Excessive fluoride reduces Foxo1 expression in dental epithelial cells of the rat incisor
Enamel fluorosis is characterized by hypomineralization, and forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) is essential for mouse enamel biomineralization. This study investigated the effect of fluoride on Foxo1 expression and its implications for enamel fluorosis. Mandibular incisors were extracted from Sprague Dawley rats treated for 3 months with water containing 0, 50, or
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Fluoride affects enamel protein content via TGF-B1-mediated KLK4 inhibition
Dental fluorosis is caused by chronic high-level fluoride (F-) exposure during enamel development, and fluorosed enamel has a higher than normal protein content. Matrix metalloproteinase 20 cleaves enamel matrix proteins during the secretory stage, and KLK4 further cleaves these proteins during the maturation stage so that the proteins can be
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Changes in the fluoride-induced modulation of maturation stage ameloblasts of rats.
The maturation stage of enamel development is characterized by a cyclic modulation of the ameloblasts between bands of smooth-ended cells and longer bands of ruffle-ended cells. There are cyclic patterns of calcein staining of and 45Ca uptake in the enamel associated with this cellular modulation. Rats were given 0, 75,
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
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Mechanisms by Which Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis Remain Unknown
When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
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Severe Dental Fluorosis: Perception and Psychological Impact
[caption id="attachment_8879" align="aligncenter" width="550"] Severe fluorosis - Photograph by David Kennedy, DDS[/caption] In its severe forms, dental fluorosis causes highly disfiguring brown and black staining of the teeth, which can cause chronic embarrassment and social anxiety for the impacted child. In 1984, a panel from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) warned
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Dental Fluorosis: The "Cosmetic" Factor
Any condition that can cause children to be embarrassed about their physical appearance can have significant consequences on their self-esteem and confidence. Researchers have repeatedly found that "physical appearance [is] the best predictor of self-esteem" in adolescents, (Harter 2000) and that facial attractiveness, particularly the appearance of one's teeth, is a
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Moderate/Severe Dental Fluorosis
In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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