Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sodium fluoride on the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA and cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) mRNA in the testosterone synthesis of mouse Leydig tumor cells (mLTC-1). and to explore the molecular mechanisms of fluoride on reproductive injury.
METHODS: Using mLTC-1 cells as a model, progesterone in the supernatant of cell culture medium was measured by RIA. The expression of StAR mRNA and P450scc mRNA in mLTC-1 cells was determined by real-time PCR.
RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, the expression of StAR mRNA and P450scc mRNA in mLTC-1 cells and the secretion of progesterone of mLTC-1 cells in the three fluoride groups with 12,16 and 20 microg/ml of NaF in their media respectively were obviously lower (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The expression of StAR mRNA and P450scc mRNA in mLTC-1 cells could be inhibited by NaF, and consequently the secretion of progesterone in mLTC-1 cells was affected.
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Protective effects of vitamins C and E against endometrial damage and oxidative stress in fluoride intoxication
1. Fluoride (F) is an essential trace element that has protective effects against bone mineral loss. However, it becomes toxic at higher doses and induces some adverse effects on a number of physiological functions, including reproduction. The aims of this study were to examine F-induced oxidative stress that promotes production
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Decreased sperm hyperactivation and low Catsper1 expression in mice exposed to fluoride.
Sperm quality, sperm hyperactivation, and the gene expression of Catsper1 were studied in adult male Kunming mice exposed to 150 mg NaF/L for 7 weeks in their drinking water. Compared with the controls, sperm quality and the proportion of hyperactivated sperm were significantly decreased in mice treated with F. Likewise,
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Fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the reducing of oocytes development potential in mice.
The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of excessive-fluoride-induced reduction of oocyte development potential in mice. The development morphology of oocyte and the changes of pathomorphology in ovary were observed. The protein expression levels of apoptosis factors, including Bax, Bcl-2, casepase-3, casepase-9 and cytochrome c, and the mRNA
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Fluoride Impairs Ovary Development by Affecting Oogenesis and Inducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Female Zebrafish (Danio Rerio).
Highlights Fluoride exposure decreased FSH, LH and VTG levels in ovary of zebrafish. Fluoride exposure altered the transcriptional profiles of oogenesis-related genes. Fluoride exposure increased ROS production in ovary of zebrafish. Fluoride exposure induces oxidative stress in ovary of zebrafish. Fluoride exposure induces apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic
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Synergistic effects of arsenic and fluoride on oxidative stress and apoptotic pathway in Leydig and Sertoli cells.
Highlights As and/or F reduced cell viability and proliferation in Leydig and Sertoli cells. As and/or F caused oxidative damage by increasing the ROS in TM3 and TM4 cells. As and/or F disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity in Leydig and Sertoli cells. As and/or F altered the expression levels of
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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