Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to measure the effect of fluoride on vertebral trabecular bone compressive strength and to correlate this with fluoride-induced changes in bone density. This correlation would express changes in the quality of bone during fluoride treatment. Pigs were used in the experiment because their trabecular bone structure and remodeling sequences are very similar to the human. Eight animals receiving a supplement of 2 mg F-/kg b.w. per day from age 8-14 months were compared with 8 control animals. Morphologic measurements in the animals receiving fluoride supplement showed a significant increase of 17% in bone density and a smaller, insignificant increase of 3% in ash weight analyses. Meanwhile, the mechanical parameters for the fluorotic animals were unchanged (maximum compressive strength, maximum stiffness, and energy-absorption capacity) or decreased (normalized compressive strength = maximum compressive load corrected for ash density). It is concluded that the increased bone mass during the initial stages of fluoride treatment does not necessarily indicate an improved bone quality. The discrepancy between bone mass and strength could be either a permanent or a temporary phenomenon and requires further investigation.
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Bone response to fluoride exposure is influenced by genetics
Genetic factors influence the effects of fluoride (F) on amelogenesis and bone homeostasis but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undefined. A label-free proteomics approach was employed to identify and evaluate changes in bone protein expression in two mouse strains having different susceptibilities to develop dental fluorosis and to alter bone
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The effect of drinking water fluoridation on the fluoride content, strength and mineral density of human bone
The effect of drinking water fluoridation on the fluoride content of human bone, on cancellous bone strength and on the mineral density of bone was studied by analysing 158 autopsy samples of the anterior iliac crest from persons from two different areas. In the samples from the town of Kuopio,
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Fluoride treatment increased serum IGF-1, bone turnover, and bone mass, but not bone strength, in rabbits
We hypothesized that fluoride partly acts by changing the levels of circulating calcium-regulating hormones and skeletal growth factors. The effects of oral fluoride on 24 female, Dutch-Belted, young adult rabbits were studied. The rabbits were divided into two study groups, one control and the other receiving about 16 mg fluoride/rabbit/day
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Fluoride reduces bone strength in older rats
In response to recent concerns about the effect of water fluoridation on hip fracture rates, we studied the influence of fluoride intake on bone strength. Four groups of rats were fed a low-fluoride diet ad libitum and received 0, 5, 15, or 50 ppm of fluoride in their drinking water.
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The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue.
Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements that may act either indirectly through the regulation of macromineral metabolism,
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Mechanisms by which fluoride may reduce bone strength
Based on a large body of animal and human research, it is now known that fluoride ingestion can reduce bone strength and increase the rate of fracture. There are several plausible mechanisms by which fluoride can reduce bone strength. As discussed below, these mechanisms include: Reduction in Cortical Bone Density De-bonding of
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength Prior to Onset of Skeletal Fluorosis
The majority of animal studies investigating fluoride's impact on bone strength have found that fluoride has either no effect, or a detrimental effect, on bone strength. Importantly, several of the animal studies that have found fluoride reductes bone strength have reported that this reduction in strength occurs before signs of skeletal fluorosis
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength in Animals
Most animal studies investigating how fluoride effects bone strength have found either a detrimental effect, or no effect. Few animal studies have found a beneficial effect. In fact, one of the few studies that found a beneficial effect was unable to be repeated by the same authors in a later
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In Vitro Studies on Fluoride & Bone Strength
The "in vitro" research on fluoride and bone strength confirms what has repeatedly been found in animal and human studies: the more fluoride a bone has, the weaker the bone becomes. In an in vitro bone study, the researcher directly exposes a human or animal bone to a fluoride solution
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