Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to measure the effect of fluoride on vertebral trabecular bone compressive strength and to correlate this with fluoride-induced changes in bone density. This correlation would express changes in the quality of bone during fluoride treatment. Pigs were used in the experiment because their trabecular bone structure and remodeling sequences are very similar to the human. Eight animals receiving a supplement of 2 mg F-/kg b.w. per day from age 8-14 months were compared with 8 control animals. Morphologic measurements in the animals receiving fluoride supplement showed a significant increase of 17% in bone density and a smaller, insignificant increase of 3% in ash weight analyses. Meanwhile, the mechanical parameters for the fluorotic animals were unchanged (maximum compressive strength, maximum stiffness, and energy-absorption capacity) or decreased (normalized compressive strength = maximum compressive load corrected for ash density). It is concluded that the increased bone mass during the initial stages of fluoride treatment does not necessarily indicate an improved bone quality. The discrepancy between bone mass and strength could be either a permanent or a temporary phenomenon and requires further investigation.
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Treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride: An appraisal.
Crippling fluorosis... is characterized by dense bones, exostoses, neurologic complications due to bony overgrowth, osteoarthritis, and ligamentous calcification. ... new bone formed under the stimulus of fluoride administration may exhibit various degrees of osteosclerosis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and architectural disorganization. Of these manifestations, only osteosclerosis increases bone strength. When fluoride is used
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Fluoride content and mineralization of red deer (Cervus elaphus) antlers and pedicles from fluoride polluted and uncontaminated regions
Fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus content as well as ash percentage and ash density of primary antlers and pedicle bones were studied in nine yearling red deer stags from a fluoride polluted region in North Bohemia (Czech Republic) and in nine control animals from two uncontaminated areas in West Germany. Fluoride
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Effect of ultrastructural changes on the toughness of bone.
The ultrastructure of bone can be considered as a conjunction between the biology and the biomechanics of the tissue. It is the result of cellular and molecular activities of bone formation, and its organization dominates the mechanical behavior of bone. Following this perspective, the objective of this review is to
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The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue.
Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements that may act either indirectly through the regulation of macromineral metabolism,
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The genetic influence on bone susceptibility to fluoride
INTRODUCTION: The influence of genetic background on bone architecture and mechanical properties is well established. Nevertheless, to date, only few animal studies explore an underlying genetic basis for extrinsic factors effect such as fluoride effect on bone metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study assessed the effect of increasing fluoride doses (0
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The Relationship Between Fluoride, Bone Density, and Bone Strength
Although fluoride has generally been found to reduce the bone density of cortical bone, it is well documented that fluoride can increase the density of trabecular bone (aka cancellous bone). Trabecular bone is the primary bone of the spine, whereas cortical bone is the primary bone of the legs and arms. While increases in
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Skeletal Fluorosis Causes Bones to be Brittle & Prone to Fracture
It has been known since as the early as the 1930s that patients with skeletal fluorosis have bone that is more brittle and prone to fracture. More recently, however, researchers have found that fluoride can reduce bone strength before the onset of skeletal fluorosis. Included below are some of the
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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Mechanisms by which fluoride may reduce bone strength
Based on a large body of animal and human research, it is now known that fluoride ingestion can reduce bone strength and increase the rate of fracture. There are several plausible mechanisms by which fluoride can reduce bone strength. As discussed below, these mechanisms include: Reduction in Cortical Bone Density De-bonding of
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength in Animals
Most animal studies investigating how fluoride effects bone strength have found either a detrimental effect, or no effect. Few animal studies have found a beneficial effect. In fact, one of the few studies that found a beneficial effect was unable to be repeated by the same authors in a later
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