Abstract
A potentiometric method using a fluoride combination ion-selective electrode was validated and used to analyse 183 samples, including soft drinks, juices, nectars, juice drinks, concentrates, teas and infusions marketed in Portugal. The fluoride levels were higher in extract-based soft drinks, juice drinks and juice, with fluoride values of 0.86 ± 0.35, 0.40 ± 0.24 and 0.37 ± 0.11 mg/l, respectively. The lowest fluoride concentration was found in infusion samples (0.12 ± 0.01 mg/l), followed by teas and carbonated soft drinks with fluoride concentrations of 0.16 ± 0.12 and 0.18 ± 0.07 mg/l, respectively. Nectars, concentrates and juice-based drinks had similar fluoride concentrations of 0.33 ± 0.16, 0.29 ± 0.12 and 0.25 ± 0.14 mg/l, respectively. Thefluoride concentrations in all these samples would only contribute intakes below the acceptable daily intake (ADI = 0.05 mg kg body weight day), indicating that, individually, these beverages cannot induce fluoride toxicity in the population group of children.
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Non-Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis: Causes And Associated Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Case Report and Literature Review).
Highlights Fluorocarbon “huffing” is an under-appreciated cause of skeletal fluorosis (SF) We present a SF case with hyperparathyroidism, osteosclerosis, and osteomalacia SF may go undetected due to variation in symptoms, radiology, and biochemistry Dietary calcium, prior bone health, and skeletal F exposure influence SF features SF is common in
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Fluoride intake from the consumption of refreshment drinks and natural juices.
Highlights Soft-drinks and juices (65) were analyzed by potentiometry. Tea-based beverages had the highest fluoride content. Fluoride intake does not lead to a risk in adult health. Consumption of these beverages by children should be moderated. Fluoride plays an important role in the prevention of dental decay and in the reduction
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Fluoride Content in Asian Produced Green Teas.
Background: This study determined the fluoride content of green tea from various parts of Asia, where green tea originates. Methods We brewed 2.5 g each of 4 types of green tea (from China, South Korea, Japan and Sri Lanka) using deionized water heated to boiling. Water was cooled to 71°C, then tea was
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Skeletal fluorosis due to excessive tea and toothpaste consumption
We describe the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented with a metatarsal fracture and was found to have a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score of +11 in the lumbar spine and +7.6 in the hip. Subsequent investigation revealed very high serum, urine and tissue fluoride levels, associated with excessive
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Amelioration by black tea of sodium fluoride-induced changes in protein content of cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum and medulla oblongata in brain region of mice.
Oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF, 6 and 12 mg/kg body weight/day) to Swiss strain male albino mice for 30 days caused significant dose-dependant reduction in the content of acidic, basic, neutral, and total protein in cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum and medulla oblongata region of brain. After 30 days of NaF
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The Lancet: Fluoride Studies in a Patient with Arthritis
It is possible that fluoride intake from tea may be sufficient to cause fluorosis, and I report here a case which gives some evidence for this.
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Exposure Pathways Linked to Skeletal Fluorosis
Excessive fluoride exposure from any source -- and from all sources combined -- can cause skeletal fluorosis. Some exposure pathways , however, have been specifically identified as placing individuals at risk of skeletal fluorosis. These exposure pathways include: Fluoridated Water for Kidney Patients Excessive Tea Consumption High-Fluoride Well Water Industrial Fluoride Exposure Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals (Voriconazole
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Tea Intake Is a Risk Factor for Skeletal Fluorosis
A number of recent studies have found that heavy tea drinkers can develop skeletal fluorosis - a bone disease caused by excessive intake of fluoride.
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Estimated "Threshold" Doses for Skeletal Fluorosis
For over 40 years health authorities stated that in order to develop crippling skeletal fluorosis, one would need to ingest between 20 and 80 mg of fluoride per day for at least 10 or 20 years. This belief, however, which played an instrumental role in shaping current fluoride policies, is now acknowledged by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and other US health authorities to be incorrect.
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Fluoride Content of Tea
Tea, particularly tea drinks made with lower quality older leaves, contain high levels of fluoride. Because of these high levels, research has found that individuals who drink large amounts of tea can develop skeletal fluorosis -- a painful bone disease caused by excessive fluoride intake. Since skeletal fluorosis is often misdiagnosed by
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