Abstract
Objective: Explore the effect of different doses of chronic exposure of fluoride on rat learning and memory behavior. Method: Selected 46 Wistar rats, randomly divided them into a control group, low-fluoride group, and high-fluoride group, had them respectively drink tap water (control group), 100 mg/L (low-fluoride group), and 200 mg/L (high-fluoride group) sodium fluoride solutions, then five months later used a Y-maze test to observe the effect of chronic fluorosis on the learning and memory behavior of the rats. Results: Compared to the number of times required for the control group to learn the Y-maze test (58.83 +/- 25.12), there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of times required by the low-fluoride group (73.95 +/- 9.77) and high-fluoride group (77.37 +/- 8.69) to learn it, and although the number of times required to learn it increased with the fluoride exposure dose, it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that chronic fluorosis has a significant effect on rat learning and memory behavior.
(Translated by Alta Language Services in February 2014, courtesy of Fluoride Action Network)
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Neuroprotective influence of taurine on fluoride-induced biochemical and behavioral deficits in rats
Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that excessive exposure to fluoride induced neurodevelopmental toxicity both in humans and animals. Taurine is a free intracellular B-amino acid with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The present study investigated the neuroprotective mechanism of taurine by evaluating the biochemical and behavioral characteristics in rats exposed
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Evaluation of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in sodium fluoride-induced behavioural, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in mice
Effect of standardized Bacopa monniera (BM; family: Scrophulariaceae) extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) against sodium fluoride (NaF; 100 and 200 ppm)-induced behavioural, biochemical, and neuropathological alterations in mice was evaluated. Akinesia, rotarod (motor coordination), forced swim test (depression), open field test (anxiety), transfer latency (memory), cholinesterase (ChE), and oxidative stress
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Cognitive enhancement effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and learning impairments induced by fluoride neurotoxicity.
The present work evaluated the neuroprotective functions of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on cognitive and behavioural functions in fluoride intoxicated rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 Groups (n=6 in each Group). Group 1 was Control that received water, Groups 2 to 5 were treated with 100
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Exposure to fluoridated water and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States: an ecological association
Background: Epidemiological and animal-based studies have suggested that prenatal and postnatal fluoride exposure has adverse effects on neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to fluoridated water and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States. Methods: Data on ADHD
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Psychopharmacology of fluoride: a review
Although the blood-brain barrier is relatively impermeable to fluoride, it does not pose an absolute barrier and fluoride has the ability to enter the brain. The literature was examined to assess the quality of the evidence for cerebral impairment occurring due to exposure to fluoride from therapeutic or environmental sources.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
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Fluoride & IQ: 67 Studies
As of May 2020, a total of 75 studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. Of these investigations, 67 studies have found that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans, while over 60 animal studies have found that fluoride exposure impairs the learning and/or
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