Abstract
Objective To establish the rat model of cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic fluorosis and to investigate the underlying mechanism.
Methods Animal model of chronic fluorosis was established by feeding Wistar rats on distillated water containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) for six months; Y-maze and open field test were used to evaluate the changes in cognitive ethology of rats; the morphological changes of rat hippocampus were observed using H-E staining.
Results The learning and memory abilities were lower in chronic fluorosis groups, particularly in medium and high fluorosis groups (P <0.05 or P <0.01) than in the normal group. Compared with the normal group, marked morphological changes were observed in the hippocampal cells in high fluorosis group.
Conclusion The rat model has a strong resemblance in cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic fluorosis to that in population of high fluorosis areas, which is available to serve as an animal model to study the cognitive impairment caused by chronic fluorosis.
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Evaluation of Metformin and Dehydrozingerone against fluorosis induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in preclinical models.
Background: Inorganic fluoride is widely used in dental practices to treat problems like dental caries and also to prevent bone related issues. It has been reported that exposure to excess amounts of fluoride either through drinking water or other sources impairs vital functions of the body and can
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MiR-132, miR-204 and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway may be involved in spatial learning and memory.
Highlights Spatial learning and memory of offspring rats were impaired after exposure to fluorine combined with aluminium(FA). Hippocampal miR-132 and miR-204 were increased after FA exposure. Hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway was down-regulated after FA exposure. There were antagonistic effects between F and Al, with Al reducing the toxicity of F. Fluorine
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Decreased learning ability and low hippocampus glutamate in offspring rats exposed to fluoride and lead.
Fluoride (F) and lead (Pb) are two common environmental pollutants which are linked to the lowered intelligence, especially for children. Glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays an important role in the process of learning and memory. However, the impact of F and Pb alone or
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Neurotoxicity of fluoride: neurodegeneration in hippocampus of female mice
Light microscopic study of hippocampal sub-regions demonstrated significant number of degenerated nerve cell bodies in the CA3, CA4 and dentate gyrus(Dg) areas of sodium fluoride administered adult female mice. Ultrastructural studies revealed neurodegenrative characteristics like involution of cell membranes, swelling of mitochondria, clumping of chromatin material etc, can be observed in cell
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Roles of mitochondrial fission inhibition in developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: mechanisms of action in vitro and associations with cognition in rats and children.
Fluoride neurotoxicity is associated with mitochondrial disruption. Mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics is crucial to maintain functional mitochondria, yet little is known about how fluoride perturbs this dynamics and whether such perturbation contributes to impaired neurodevelopment. Here in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with sodium fluoride (NaF, 20, 40 and 60 mg/L), mitochondrial
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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Fluoride & IQ: 74 Studies
• As of May 2022, a total of 83 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 74 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies which reported an association of reduced IQ with exposure to
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