Abstract
Dental fluorosis is defined as hypomineralisation of enamel resulting from excessive ingestion of fluoride (more than 1 ppm) during tooth development. Mild-to-moderate forms of dental fluorosis are often unnoticed by the patients whereas severe fluorosis presents with dark brown-to-black discolouration of teeth along with enamel pitting and hypoplasia. Such discolouration results in an unpleasing appearance as well as psychological distress to the affected individual. Dental fluorosis can be managed by bleaching, micro/macroabrasion, veneering or crowning. The choice between different treatment options depends on the severity of fluorosis and patients’ aesthetic demands. The aim of this case report was to describe the stepwise oral rehabilitation of an adult with severe fluorosis along with multiple carious teeth. After restoration of carious teeth and extraction of unsalvageable teeth, bleaching and full-coverage restorations were used for the management of fluorosis.
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In-office dental bleaching and enamel microabrasion for fluorosis treatment
Recently, mostly as a result of drinking water fluoridation, the number of young patients affected by fluorosis increased considerably. This study describes a minimally invasive technique, using in-office dental bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide) and enamel microabrasion (silicon carbide and 12% hydrochloric acid) to eliminate fluorosis like stains. The association of
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Improving esthetically objectionable human enamel fluorosis with a simple microabrasion technique
Mild-to-moderately severe enamel fluorosis (EF) is an unsightly maturation-phase dental disorder. Despite extensive epidemiological studies on EF, little is known about individual treatment options. This study was carried out to determine whether a simple microabrasion technique is effective in improving the esthetics of EF. Patients with a variety of severities
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Effectiveness of bonding resin-based composite to healthy and fluorotic enamel using total-etch and two self-etch adhesive systems
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of three adhesive systems: Excite™, Adper Prompt L-Pop™ and AdheSE One™ to varying degrees of fluorotic enamel using micro-tensile bond strength (?TBS) tests. Human enamel was classified according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index. The interface resin-enamel was observed
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Resin infiltration for aesthetic improvement of mild to moderate fluorosis: a six-month follow-up case report
Purpose: To determine whether fluorosed areas of teeth can be successfully treated with resin infiltration and whether the results are long lasting. Materials and Methods: For the present case of mild to moderate dental fluorosis, the microinvasive resin infiltration technique was chosen, following suboptimal results of in-office vital tooth bleaching
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A simple technique for removal of mottling, opacities and pigmentation from enamel
Mottling of teeth can have significant psychological impact on patients--particularly on adolescents, who may be subjected to much unkind teasing. A number of procedures have been suggested for removal of mottling and stains. The authors describe a simple and quick technique using a paste of hydrochloric acid and pumice, and
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"Mild" Dental Fluorosis: Perceptions & Psychological Impact
The vast majority of research has found that patients, parents, and the general public alike view mild fluorosis (TF score 3) as a significant blemish of the teeth, one that is likely to embarrass the affected child to a degree that cosmetic treatment would be warranted.
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Dental Fluorosis Impacts Dentin in Addition to Enamel
Dental fluorosis is a mineralization defect of tooth enamel marked by increased subsurface porosity. The enamel, however, is not the only component of teeth that is effected. As several studies have demonstrated, dental fluorosis can also impair the mineralization of dentin as well. As noted in one review: "The fact that
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Dental Fluorosis: The "Cosmetic" Factor
Any condition that can cause children to be embarrassed about their physical appearance can have significant consequences on their self-esteem and confidence. Researchers have repeatedly found that "physical appearance [is] the best predictor of self-esteem" in adolescents, (Harter 2000) and that facial attractiveness, particularly the appearance of one's teeth, is a
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Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis: The TSIF ("Total Surface Index of Fluorosis")
The traditional criteria (the "Dean Index") for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by H. Trendley Dean. While the Dean Index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis -- including the CDC's national surveys of fluorosis in the United States -- dental
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Dental Fluorosis in the U.S. 1950-2004
Before the widespread use of fluoride in dentistry, dental fluorosis was rarely found in western countries. Today, with virtually every toothpaste now containing fluoride, and most U.S. water supplies containing fluoride chemicals, dental fluorosis rates have reached unprecedented levels. In the 1950s, it was estimated that only 10% of children in
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