Abstract
A study was made of the effect of fluoride on oxidative stress in rats during their early stages in life. Wistar albino rats were exposed to 30 ppm and 100 ppm fluoride (from sodium fluoride) in drinking water during the last one week of intrauterine life and then up to ten weeks after birth. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the assays of malondialdehyde and antioxidants in brain homogenates. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the marker of extent of lipid peroxidation, was elevated in the brain of rats treated with 100 ppm fluoride but was without change in rats treated with 30 ppm fluoride. Levels of total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) were elevated in 30 ppm fluoride-treated rats, while these levels decreased in 100 ppm fluoride-treated rats. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was elevated significantly in both 30 ppm and 100 ppm fluoride-treated rats. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activitiy in the brain increased with 30 ppm and 100 ppm fluoride, and greater elevation occurred at 30 ppm. These results suggest that fluoride enhances oxidative stress in the brain, thereby disturbing the antioxidant defense of rats. Increased oxidative stress could be one of the mediating factors in the pathogenesis of fluoride toxicity in the brain.
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Sodium fluoride affects zebrafish behaviour and alters mRNA expressions of biomarker genes in the brain: Role of Nrf2/Keap1
Highlights Sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment changed the behaviour of zebrafish. Expression of antioxidant genes was upregulated. Expression of Nrf2 and its related genes were also altered. Results indicated that Nrf2 plays a significant role in NaF induced neurotoxicity. Sodium fluoride (NaF), used as pesticides and for industrial purposes are deposited
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Effects of sodium fluoride on lipid peroxidation and PARP, XBP-1 expression in PC12 cell
This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanism of fluorine exposure that leads to nerve injury. PC12 cells were treated with fluorine at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). Cytoactivity was detected at different time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h). After 2 h, DCF was used
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Neuroprotective effects of methyl-3-O-methyl gallate against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats
Methyl-3-O-methyl gallate (M3OMG) is a rare natural product that showed promising in vitro antioxidant activities. In this study, the protective role of synthetic M3OMG against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress in rat brain was evaluated. Animals were treated with either M3OMG (10 and 20 mg/kg i.p.), vitamin C (10 mg/kg
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A correlation between serum vitamin, acetylcholinesterase activity and IQ in children with excessive endemic fluoride exposure in Rajasthan, India
Fluoride is widely distributed in nature and a direct source of adverse health effects in human populations. Fluoride poisoning attributed by long-term exposure to high levels of fluoride [is] called fluorosis. The present study was carried out among 9-14 years old school children of Dausa district, Rajasthan India. The subjects
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Neuroprotective effect of ascorbic acid and ginkgo biloba against fluoride caused neurotoxicity
Excessive consumption of fluoride through drinking water or other sources lead to skeletal and dental fluorosis. According to the world health organization 23 nations are facing the problem of fluorosis. In the recent past researchers describe the non-skeletal fluorosis where soft tissues and major organs are the victims of fluoride
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Nutrient Deficiencies Enhance Fluoride Toxicity
It has been known since the 1930s that poor nutrition enhances the toxicity of fluoride. As discussed below, nutrient deficiencies have been specifically linked to increased susceptibility to fluoride-induced tooth damage (dental fluorosis), bone damage (osteomalacia), neurotoxicity (reduced intelligence), and mutagenicity. The nutrients of primary importance appear to be calcium,
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride & Oxidative Stress
A vast body of research demonstrates that fluoride exposure increases oxidative stress. Based on this research, it is believed that fluoride-induced oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the various toxic effects associated with fluoride exposure. It is also well established that fluoride's toxic effects can be ameliorated by exposure
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