Abstract
Bone tissue is an anisotropic non-homogeneous composite material composed of inorganic, bone mineral fibres (hydroxyapatite) embedded in an organic matrix (type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins). Factors contributing to the overall mechanical behaviour include constituent volume fraction, mechanical properties, orientation and interfacial bonding interactions. Interfacial bonding between the mineral and organic constituents is based, in part, on electrostatic interactions between negatively charged organic domains and the positively charged mineral surface. Phosphate and fluoride ions have been demonstrated to alter mineral-organic interactions, thereby influencing the mechanical properties of bone in tension. The present study explores the effects of phosphate and fluoride ions on the compressive properties of cortical bone.
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The effect of fluoride treatment on bone mineral in rabbits
Fluoride therapy has been used clinically for many years, but its use remains controversial and many basic questions remain unanswered. Accordingly, this study returns to an animal model to study the effects of high doses of fluoride on bone mineral in rabbits. Twelve rabbits, aged 3(1/2) months at the start
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In situ observation of fluoride-ion-induced hydroxyapatite-collagen detachment on bone fracture surfaces by atomic force microscopy
The topography of freshly fractured bovine and human bone surfaces was determined by the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fracture surfaces from both kinds of samples exhibited complex landscapes formed by hydroxyapatite mineral platelets with lateral dimensions ranging from ~90 nm × 60 nm to ~20 nm × 20 nm. Novel AFM techniques
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The effect of in vitro fluoride ion treatment on the ultrasonic properties of cortical bone
The mechanical properties of composites are influenced, in part, by the volume fraction, orientation, constituent mechanical properties, and interfacial bonding. Cortical bone tissue represents a short-fibered biological composite where the hydroxyapatite phase is embedded in an organic matrix composed of type I collagen and other noncollagenous proteins. Destructive mechanical testing
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Fluoride ion effect on interfacial bonding and mechanical properties of bone
The mechanical properties of composite material (such as bone) rely on the properties of its constituents as well as the interfacial bonding between them. Bone tissue is a porous mineralized matrix composite of inorganic bone mineral and organic constituents (collagen and non-collagenous proteins). The porosity of bone is due in
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The role of ions and mineral-organic interfacial bonding on the compressive properties of cortical bone
Bone tissue is a composite material composed of an inorganic stiff mineral phase embedded in a compliant organic matrix. Similar to other composites, the mechanical properties of bone depend upon the properties, volume fraction, and orientation of its constituents as well as the bonding interactions. Interfacial bonding between the mineral
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength Prior to Onset of Skeletal Fluorosis
The majority of animal studies investigating fluoride's impact on bone strength have found that fluoride has either no effect, or a detrimental effect, on bone strength. Importantly, several of the animal studies that have found fluoride reductes bone strength have reported that this reduction in strength occurs before signs of skeletal fluorosis
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Mechanisms by which fluoride may reduce bone strength
Based on a large body of animal and human research, it is now known that fluoride ingestion can reduce bone strength and increase the rate of fracture. There are several plausible mechanisms by which fluoride can reduce bone strength. As discussed below, these mechanisms include: Reduction in Cortical Bone Density De-bonding of
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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In Vitro Studies on Fluoride & Bone Strength
The "in vitro" research on fluoride and bone strength confirms what has repeatedly been found in animal and human studies: the more fluoride a bone has, the weaker the bone becomes. In an in vitro bone study, the researcher directly exposes a human or animal bone to a fluoride solution
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Skeletal Fluorosis Causes Bones to be Brittle & Prone to Fracture
It has been known since as the early as the 1930s that patients with skeletal fluorosis have bone that is more brittle and prone to fracture. More recently, however, researchers have found that fluoride can reduce bone strength before the onset of skeletal fluorosis. Included below are some of the
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