Abstract
In the Guadiana Valley (the city of Durango and its surroundings in northwestern Mexico), the drinking water supply comes from underground wells and is characterized by a high content of fluoride. In this study, a quantitative assessment of dental fluorosis was made in the school age (6-12 years) and adult (13-60 years) population of Guadiana valley through a multistage sampling by conglomerates of the population. The Dean index of dental fluorosis was correlated with the fluoride concentration in drinking water. In those parts of the valley with fluoride concentrations higher than 12 mg/L, all the children surveyed exhibited dental fluorosis, and 35% of them had suffered serious damage to their teeth. A linear correlation between the Dean index of dental fluorosis and the frequency of bone fractures was also observed among both children and adults.
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Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly population
OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of water fluoridated to 1 ppm on the incidence of hip fractures in the elderly. DESIGN: Ecological cohort. SETTING: The incidence of femoral neck fractures in patients 65 years of age or older was compared in three communities in Utah, one with and two without water fluoridated
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Drinking water fluoridation: bone mineral density and hip fracture incidence
The role of drinking water fluoride content for prevention of osteoporosis remains controversial. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of drinking water fluoridation on the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in two different communities in eastern Germany: in Chemnitz, drinking water was fluoridated (1 mg/L) over
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Stress fractures of the lower limbs in osteoporotic patients treated with fluoride
We report clinical and bone morphometric findings in 18 osteoporotic patients who experienced stress fractures during fluoride therapy. Patients were treated with either sodium fluoride (n = 15), or sodium monofluorophosphate (n = 3). Oral calcium supplementation was given in 11 patients, and vitamin D in 13. Stress fractures occurred
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Water fluoridation and osteoporotic fracture.
Osteoporotic fractures constitute a major public health problem. These fractures typically occur at the hip, spine and distal forearm. Their pathogenesis is heterogeneous, with contributions from both bone strength and trauma. Water fluoridation has been widely proposed for its dental health benefits, but concerns have been raised about the balance
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Skeletal development and dental fluorosis in 12--14-year-old Danish girls from a fluoride and a non-fluoride community
The present study has examined the relationship between waterborne fluoride, dental fluorosis and skeletal maturity in two Danish areas containing less than 0.2 and 2.4 parts/10(6) F- in the drinking water. 12--14-year-old girls, 113 from the non-F- area and 122 from the F- area, born and raised in the areas,
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength Prior to Onset of Skeletal Fluorosis
The majority of animal studies investigating fluoride's impact on bone strength have found that fluoride has either no effect, or a detrimental effect, on bone strength. Importantly, several of the animal studies that have found fluoride reductes bone strength have reported that this reduction in strength occurs before signs of skeletal fluorosis
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Moderate/Severe Dental Fluorosis
In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis: The Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) Index
The traditional criteria (the "Dean Index") for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by H. Trendley Dean. While the Dean Index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis -- including the CDC's national surveys of fluorosis in the United States -- dental
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Mechanisms by Which Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis Remain Unknown
When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
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Clinical Trials: Fluoride Treatment & Bone Fracture in Osteoporosis Patients
Due to its ability to increase bone mass, fluoride has been used as an experimental treatment for osteoporosis. The results, however, have generally been disastrous. Rather than prevent bone fractures in osteoporosis patients, fluoride therapy (at doses of 20-34 mg/day) was repeatedly found to increase fracture rates. One of the most
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