Abstract
The prevalence rates of Down’s syndrome at birth were compared for Massachusetts residents ingesting fluoridated and non-fluoridated water. The observations included nearly all children born alive with Down’s syndrome in Massachusetts during the 17-year period 1950-1966. A rate of 1.5 cases per 1000 births was found for fluoride-related births and appropriate comparison groups; the upper bound of a one-sided 95 per cent confidence interval for the ratio of fluoride to non-fluoride rates was 1.2. Thus, the data provide strong evidence that fluoridation does not cause any important elevation in risk for Down’s syndrome, at least not for several years after its introduction.
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Fluoride-linked down syndrome births and their estimated occurrence due to water fluoridation
Down syndrome (DS) birth rates (BR) as a function of maternal age exhibit a relatively flat linear regression line for younger mothers and a fairly steep one for older mothers with the second line intersecting the first line a little above maternal age 30. Consequently, overall DS-BR for all maternal
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Association of Down's syndrome and water fluoride level: a systematic review of the evidence
Background: A review of the safety and efficacy of drinking water fluoridation was commissioned by the UK Department of Health to investigate whether the evidence supported a beneficial effect of water fluoridation and whether there was any evidence of adverse effects. Down's syndrome was one of the adverse effects reported. The
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Down syndrome, water fluoridation, and maternal age
It has been claimed that there is a positive association between the frequency of Down syndrome and the fluoridation of drinking water. It has also been suggested that this association is most pronounced in young women. Recent congenital malformations data obtained from birth certificates from large U.S. cities have been
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[New researches on mongolism related to the disease producing role of fluorine].
A new statistical study on the distribution of mongolism in cities in Illinois, United States, from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 1956, permits us to verify an increasing frequency of this affliction associated with the concentration of fluorine in the drinking water. This study follows a preceding inquiry on the
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Role des inhibiteurs enzymatiques dans l'etiologie du mongolisme
1) The low incidence of dental caries observed in mongoloid patients led to an investigation of the role of fluorine in this condition. 2) A statistical study of the geographical distribution of mongolism in Wisconsin, Illinois, Idaho, North and South Dakota (U.S.A.) shows a parallelism between the prevalence of this condition
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