Abstract

To investigate whether excitotoxicity is involved in neurotoxicity of fluoride (F) alone and in combination with lead (Pb), the expression levels of the gene and protein N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) in the hippocampus of offspring rat pups at postnatal days 14 and 28 exposed to F and/or Pb were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunochemistry. During lactation, the pups ingested F and/or Pb via the maternal milk, whose mothers were exposed to sodium fluoride (150 mg/L in drinking water) and/or lead acetate (300 mg/L in drinking water) from the day of delivery. After weaning at postnatal day 21, the pups were exposed to the same treatments as their mother. At day 14 and at day 28, 6 pups (female:male = 1:1) were chosen randomly from each group for further investigation. Results showed that at postnatal days 14 and 28, the expression levels of NMDAR1 gene were increased by 11% and 26%, respectively, in pups exposed to F compared to the controls, and the protein levels were also significantly enhanced. In pups exposed to Pb alone and to Pb plus F, the levels of the NMDAR1 gene and protein were decreased at postnatal day 14 and then increased at postnatal day 28. These results may provide evidence of a relationship between the excitotoxicity and neurotoxicity of F and/or Pb.

• Related Studies :

  • Effects of fluoride on microtubule ultrastructure and expression of TubB1a and TubB2a in mouse hippocampus

    Axonal and dendrictic degenerations were observed in non-skeleton fluorosis as the neurological manifestations. Microtubules, composed of the assembled tubulin dimers, are the essential cytoskeleton of axon and dendron. However, the effect of fluoride (F) on microtubules status and tubulin dimer expression in central nerves system remains largely unknown. In this

  • Molecular mechanism of brain impairment caused by drinking-acquired fluorosis and selenium intervention

    This study investigated the molecular mechanism of brain impairment induced by drinking fluoridated water and selenium intervention. Results showed that the learning and memory of rats in NaF group significantly decreased. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells, the expression levels of Cytc mRNA and protein, and the expression levels of

  • Effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain.

    Highlights Reviewing the mechanism of brain injury caused by chronic fluorosis is of great significance for protecting residents in fluorosis endemic areas. Abstract This article reviews the effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain and possible mechanisms. We used PubMed, Medline and Cochraine databases to collect data on fluorosis, brain injury,

  • Effect of fluoride on calcium ion concentration and expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B p65 in rat hippocampus

    The study investigated the neurotoxicity of drinking water fluorosis in rat hippocampus. Just weaning male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given 15, 30, 60 mg/L NaF solution and tap water for 9 months. The calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]) in synaptosomes was measured by double wavelength fluorescence spectrophotometer and the expression level

  • Prolonged Fluoride Exposure Induces Spatial-memory Deficit and Hippocampal Dysfunction by Inhibiting Small Heat Shock Protein 22 in Mice

    Millions of residents in areas with high-fluoride drinking water supply ingest excessive levels of fluoride for long periods. This study investigated the mechanisms and impacts of lifelong exposure to naturally occurring moderate–high-fluoride drinking water on spatial-memory function by studying mice in controlled experiments. Spatial-memory deficits and disorders of hippocampal neuronal

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.

    Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching

  • Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies

    • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies which reported an association of reduced IQ with exposure

  • Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain

    The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts

  • Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies

    The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.

  • Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals

    An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out