Abstract
The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured in 118 children, aged 10-12 years, who were life-long residents in two villages of similar population size and social, educational and economic background but differing in the level of fluoride in drinking water. The children in the high-fluoride area (drinking water fluoride 3.15 ± 0.61 mg/L [ppm]) (mean ± S.D.) had higher urinary fluoride levels (4.99 ± 2.57 mg/L) than the children in the low-fluoride area (drinking water fluoride 0.37 ± 0.04 mg/L) (urinary fluoride 1.43 ± 0.64 mg/L). The IQ of the 60 children in the high-fluoride area was significantly lower, mean 92.27 ± 20.45, than that of the 58 children in the low-fluoride area, mean 103.05 ± 13.86. More children in the high-fluoride area, 21.6%, were in the retardation (<70) or borderline (70-79) categories of IQ than children in the low fluoride area, 3.4%. An inverse relationship was also present between IQ and the urinary fluoride level. Exposure of children to high levels of fluoride may therefore carry the risk of impaired development of intelligence.
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A cross-sectional study to assess the intelligence quotient (IQ) of school going children aged 10-12 years in villages of Mysore district, India with different fluoride levels.
Introduction: Besides dental and skeletal fluorosis, excessive fluoride intake can also affect the central nervous system without first causing the physical deformities associated with skeletal fluorosis. With the existence of widespread endemic fluorosis in India, the possible adverse effect of elevated fluoride in drinking water on the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
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Influence of fluoride exposure on reaction time and visuospatial organization in children
Fluoride exposure is an important public health problem in several Mexican states. In the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, above 90% of the children have some degree of dental fluorosis. The main source of exposure to fluoride is tap water. The objective of the study was to evaluate the
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Comparative assessment of the physical and mental development of children in endemic fluorosis area with water improvement and without water improvement.
Tests were performed to compare the IQ and physical development of 7-to-14-year-old children from endemic fluorosis areas, with and without water improvement programs, with children from a nonfluorosis area. The results showed that the average IQ of children in each age group from the fluorosis area without water improvement is lower than those
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Studies of relationships between the polymorphism of COMT gene and plasma proteomic profiling and children’s intelligence in high fluoride areas
Part I – Effect of high F drinking water on children’s IQ Objective: To investigate the relationships among the children’s serum F, urine F, thyroid hormone levels and children’s IQ in the high fluoride areas. Methods: We collected the samples of the drinking water, urine and blood and measured the F concentrations,
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The Auditory Working Memory of 13-15-Year-Old Adolescents Using Water with Varying Fluoride Concentrations from Selected Public Primary Schools in North Kajiado Sub County.
Water contributes significantly to the physiological functions in the in the human body. However, low fluoride doses have been reported to affect the central nervous system (CNS) without first causing the physical malformations of dental and skeletal fluorosis. Aims and objectives were to determine fluoride concentrations in water used by
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