Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child’s growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural areas in Makoo/Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001).
CONCLUSION: Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children’s intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels.
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The relationships between low levels of urine fluoride on children’s intelligence, dental fluorosis in endemic fluorosis areas in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.
There has been public concern about children's intellectual performance at high levels of fluoride exposure, but few studies provide data directly to the question of whether low fluoride exposure levels less than 3.0 mg/L in drinking water adversely associated with children's intelligence. In this survey, we investigated the effects of
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The effects of endemic fluoride poisoning caused by coal burning on the physical development and intelligence of children.
Goal: To investigate the effects of endemic fluoride poisoning caused by coal burning on the physical development and intellectual ability of children. Method: Using random sampling from the relevant population, 176 fluorosis sufferers aged 7–12 (the subjects) were drawn from a heavily fluoride poisoned area of Zhijin County, with 50 children without dental
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Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada.
Key Points Question Is maternal fluoride exposure during pregnancy associated with childhood IQ in a Canadian cohort receiving optimally fluoridated water? Findings In this prospective birth cohort study, fluoride exposure during pregnancy was associated with lower IQ scores in children aged 3 to 4 years. Meaning Fluoride exposure during pregnancy may be associated
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Effect of fluoridated water on intelligence in 10-12-year-old school children.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of drinking water fluoride levels with children's intelligence quotient (IQ). Materials and methods: Water was collected from initially identified endemic fluoride regions according to the geological research of Government of India. Fluoride concentration of the
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The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure.
Highlights Low-to-moderate fluoride was associated with alterations of cholinergic system. The prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) was related to cholinergic system. AChE was negatively associated with children’s intelligence quotient (IQ). AChE mediates association of fluoride with DF prevalence and lower odds of IQ > 120. DF and IQ were
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
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Fluoride & IQ: 74 Studies
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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