Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child’s growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural areas in Makoo/Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001).
CONCLUSION: Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children’s intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels.
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Effects of endemic fluoride poisoning on the intellectual development of children in Baotou.
Our goal was to investigate the effects of endemic fluoride poisoning on the intellectual development of children living in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Our method was to select random child subjects from endemic fluoride areas in Baotou and use the illustrated version of the Chinese Standardized Raven Test for use with
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[Effect of high fluoride concentration in drinking water on children’s intelligence].
Background and Aim: Human and animal studies linking fluoride with diminished intelligence have been published. Although adverse effects of high intake of fluoride on intelligence and mental acuity continue to be reported, they are still controversial. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between fluoride in drinking
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Relation Between Intelligence and COMT Gene Polymorphism in Children Aged 8-12 in the Endemic Fluorosis Area and Non-Endemic Fluorosis Area.
1.1 Subjects According to the principle that a selected population lives in a similar natural environment and has similar lifestyle and diet habits, one township in the endemic fluorosis area and one township in the non-endemic fluorosis area in a certain region were respectively selected as sites for population sampling. In
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Investigation and analysis of the development of intelligence levels and growth of children in areas suffering fluorine and arsenic toxicity from pollution from burning coal
Aim: To study the impacts on the development of intelligence and growth of children suffering fluorine and arsenic toxicity from pollution from burning coal. Method: Areas suffering from significant morbidity and minor morbidity were selected for investigation from areas of southern Shaanxi Province suffering fluorine and arsenic toxicity from pollution from
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Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Cognitive Outcomes in Children at 4 and 6–12 Years of Age in Mexico
Background: Some evidence suggests that fluoride may be neurotoxic to children. Few of the epidemiologic studies have been longitudinal, had individual measures of fluoride exposure, addressed the impact of prenatal exposures or involved more than 100 participants. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to estimate the association of prenatal exposure to fluoride with
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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