Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child’s growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural areas in Makoo/Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001).
CONCLUSION: Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children’s intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels.
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Low-moderate fluoride exposure and intelligence among Chinese school-aged children: Role of circulating mtDNA content.
Highlights First epidemiologic study links mtDNA content with fluoride-caused lower IQ scores. MtDNA content was positively correlated to odds of having excellent intelligence. MtDNA content mediated relations of fluoride to reduced odds of excellent intelligence in girls. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content alterations are potential mediators of neuronal disorders. However, what
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The impact of endemic fluorosis caused by the burning of coal on the development of intelligence in children.
Objective: To explore the effect of endemic fluorosis caused by coal burning on the level of intelligence in children. The Method: We randomly selected 20 school children from 4 areas between the ages of 8[1]12, whose characteristics fit the scope of our research. They were chosen from slight, moderate, and severe endemic
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Letter to the Editor: IQ of 9-12 year-old children in high and low-drinking water fluoride areas in West Axerbaijan Province, Iran: Further information on the two villages in the study and the confounding factors considered.
In a critique of our study1 on the IQ of 9–12-year-old children in high- and low drinking water fluoride (F) areas in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, Dr Ken Perrott questioned whether possible confounding factors in the two villages, such as the rural status and parental educational levels, were adequately considered.2 Perrott’s
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Effect of coal-burning endemic fluorosis on children's physical development and intellectual level
Objective To investigate the effect of coal-burning endemic fluorosis on children's physical development and intellectual level so as to provide data support for the protection of children's healthy growth in fluorosis areas. Methods Ninety children with coal-burning endemic fluorosis were selected for the study, which were divided into heavy fluorosis area group, middle
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Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Although fluoride may cause neurotoxicity in animal models and acute fluoride poisoning causes neurotoxicity in adults, very little is known of its effects on children's neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the effects of increased fluoride exposure and delayed neurobehavioral development. METHODS: We
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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