Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child’s growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural areas in Makoo/Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001).
CONCLUSION: Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children’s intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels.
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Analysis on TSH and intelligence level of children with dental fluorosis in a high fluoride area.
Fluoride is one of the indispensable elements for the living being. Excess amounts of fluoride, however, may damage the teeth and bones. Fluoride may also injure the body’s soft tissues, resulting in nonskeletal fluorosis. To further investigate the influence of endemic fluorosis on childhood thyroid function and intelligence, we have selected school-aged children inflicted with dental fluorosis
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Using the Raven’s standard progressive matrices to determine the effects of the level of fluoride in drinking water on the intellectual ability of school-age children
Children, aged 9–10½, from 22 villages in Jing County, Hubei Province, China, with different levels of fluoride in the drinking water were tested for their IQs according to the revised version of Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. Among 141 children in villages with 2.1–4.0 ppm F in the drinking water, 34
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[Effects of fluoride and arsenic in drinking water on children's intelligence].
Objective: To study the effect of fluoride and arsenic exposure in drinking water on children’s intelligence ,and to provide scientific basis for children’s health protection. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-eight pupils in Hangjinhou Qi,Inner Mongolia were selected as subjects. Fluoride and arsenic in drinking water were determined. The Chinese combined Raven’s
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Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects.
Background: People of all ages are exposed to fluoride from a variety of sources including dental products, drinking water, food, beverages and pharmaceuticals. In some developed countries, fluoride is added to municipal water systems to prevent tooth decay. Methods: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a systematic review of the human,
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Relation Between Intelligence and COMT Gene Polymorphism in Children Aged 8-12 in the Endemic Fluorosis Area and Non-Endemic Fluorosis Area.
1.1 Subjects According to the principle that a selected population lives in a similar natural environment and has similar lifestyle and diet habits, one township in the endemic fluorosis area and one township in the non-endemic fluorosis area in a certain region were respectively selected as sites for population sampling. In
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