Abstract
Using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, we conducted a study to determine the intellectual ability of 147 four- to seven-year-old preschool children in a high fluoride zone [of a rural area of Shehezi in Xinjiang Province, China] and 83 similarly-aged children from a low fluoride zone in the same region. The results show that a high fluoride intake has a clear influence on the IQ of preschool children, manifesting itself primarily as damage to performance intelligence. The study also indicates that the proportion of preschool children living in the high fluoride area that have retarded head development (based on measurement of the circumference) is significantly greater than in the low fluoride control group, and that children with this developmental deficiency demonstrate a lower IQ than children with normal head development.
Translated by Julian Brooke for Fluoride Action Network and published with the permission of the Endemic Diseases Bulletin (China) 1996;11(1):60-2 and published in the journal Fluoride.
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The relationship of a low-iodine and high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang.
Cretinism in iodine-deficiency areas is well known, yet the milder forms of somatic and psychomotor maldevelopment and thyroid dysfunction caused by iodine deficiency may be more difficult to detect. DeQuervain, in 1936, called this milder form "semi-cretinism," while in 1980 Laggasse used the term "cretinoidism." It was formally named "subclinical
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Threshold effects of moderately excessive fluoride exposure on children's health: A potential association between dental fluorosis and loss of excellent intelligence.
Highlights Childhood fluoride exposure was inversely associated with dental health and IQ. Threshold and saturation effects for aforementioned associations existed. Moderate fluoride exposure was mainly related to excellent intelligence loss. Dental fluorosis may be useful to reflect excellent intelligence loss. BACKGROUND: Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes, but
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A Benchmark Dose Analysis for Maternal Pregnancy Urine-Fluoride and IQ in Children.
This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed [what does this mean?]. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice. Abstract As a safe exposure level for fluoride in pregnancy has not been established, we used data
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Effect of fluoride in drinking water on dental caries and IQ in children.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of fluoride exposure on the prevalence of dental caries and the intellectual ability of children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 161 children from 9 to 10 years of age were evaluated. The concentration of fluoride in drinking water and urine was
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Research on the effects of fluoride on child intellectual development under different environmental conditions.
Goal: To study the effects of the fluoride and iodine content of drinking water on child intellectual development and the interaction between the two factors and also the relationship of educational factors to such development. Methods: The subjects of the investigation were 8- to 14-year-old children randomly selected from endemic areas as well
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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