Abstract
Using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, we conducted a study to determine the intellectual ability of 147 four- to seven-year-old preschool children in a high fluoride zone [of a rural area of Shehezi in Xinjiang Province, China] and 83 similarly-aged children from a low fluoride zone in the same region. The results show that a high fluoride intake has a clear influence on the IQ of preschool children, manifesting itself primarily as damage to performance intelligence. The study also indicates that the proportion of preschool children living in the high fluoride area that have retarded head development (based on measurement of the circumference) is significantly greater than in the low fluoride control group, and that children with this developmental deficiency demonstrate a lower IQ than children with normal head development.
Translated by Julian Brooke for Fluoride Action Network and published with the permission of the Endemic Diseases Bulletin (China) 1996;11(1):60-2 and published in the journal Fluoride.
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Reviews of developmental fluoride neurotoxicity by Grandjean and Guth et al.
An updated review by Philippe Grandjean, published in Environmental Health on December 19, 2019, of developmental fluoride neurotoxicity concluded that recent epidemiological results support the notion that elevated fluoride intake during early development can result in IQ deficits that may be considerable. He noted that the recognition of neurotoxic risks
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Developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride: a quantitative risk analysis toward establishing a safe daily dose of fluoride for children
Background: A recent 2015 study from New Zealand indicated water fluoridation did not have an effect on children’s IQs. A 2012 meta-analysis showed that children with higher fluoride exposure have lower IQs than similar children with lower exposures. Levels of the fluoride ion (F) in blood and urine in children
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Threshold effects of moderately excessive fluoride exposure on children's health: A potential association between dental fluorosis and loss of excellent intelligence.
Highlights Childhood fluoride exposure was inversely associated with dental health and IQ. Threshold and saturation effects for aforementioned associations existed. Moderate fluoride exposure was mainly related to excellent intelligence loss. Dental fluorosis may be useful to reflect excellent intelligence loss. BACKGROUND: Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes, but
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Fluoride exposure and intelligence in school-age children: evidence from different windows of exposure susceptibility.
Study Retracted on November 8, 2022. Retraction Note: BMC Public Health 20, 1657 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09765-4 The Editor has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the data analysis and conclusions in the paper. The authors have provided raw data, and post-publication review found inconsistencies in methodology and major misinterpretation of the
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Level of fluoride and arsenic in household shallow well water in Wamiao and Xinhuai villages in Jiangsu Province, China
After previously excluding iodine and lead as confounding factors, the aim of the present study, conducted in June 2013, was to consider whether arsenic was a confounding factor in the studies of children’s intelligence in Wamiao and Xinhuai. Fluoride and arsenic levels were measured in water samples from the 37
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