Abstract
SUMMARY: Learning-memory behavior was tested in mice on a Y-maze after they drank water containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride. Impairment of the structure of the Gray I synaptic interface in the CA3 area of the hippocampus was analyzed quantitatively by electron microscopy and a computer imaging processor. The main results were: the learning ability of mice drinking water with a high concentration of sodium fluoride showed considerable deterioration, the thickness of post-synaptic density (PSD) was decreased, and the width of the synaptic cleft was markedly increased. The results suggest that impairment of learning capability of mice induced by fluorosis may be closely associated with pathological changes of synaptic structure in the brain.
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Gut microbiota perturbations and neurodevelopmental impacts in offspring rats concurrently exposure to inorganic arsenic and fluoride.
Many “hot spot” geographic areas across the world with drinking water co-contaminated with inorganic arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F-), two of the most common natural contaminants in drinking water. Both iAs and F- are known neurotoxins and affect neurodevelopment of children. However, very few studies have investigated the neurodevelopmental effects
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Attenuating effect of Vitamin E on the deficit of learning and memory of rats with chronic fluorosis: the mechanism may involve muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
The protective role of vitamin E (Vit E) against neurotoxicity induced by fluorosis was investigated by using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water for 10 months. Spatial learning and memory of rats were measured by the Morris water maze test; the expressions of M1 and
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Neurotoxicity of fluoride: neurodegeneration in hippocampus of female mice
Light microscopic study of hippocampal sub-regions demonstrated significant number of degenerated nerve cell bodies in the CA3, CA4 and dentate gyrus(Dg) areas of sodium fluoride administered adult female mice. Ultrastructural studies revealed neurodegenrative characteristics like involution of cell membranes, swelling of mitochondria, clumping of chromatin material etc, can be observed in cell
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Prolonged Fluoride Exposure Induces Spatial-memory Deficit and Hippocampal Dysfunction by Inhibiting Small Heat Shock Protein 22 in Mice
Millions of residents in areas with high-fluoride drinking water supply ingest excessive levels of fluoride for long periods. This study investigated the mechanisms and impacts of lifelong exposure to naturally occurring moderate–high-fluoride drinking water on spatial-memory function by studying mice in controlled experiments. Spatial-memory deficits and disorders of hippocampal neuronal
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Probiotic alleviate fluoride-induced memory impairment by reconstructing gut microbiota in mice.
Highlights Memory function was reduced in the fluoride-exposed mice. Gut microbiota structure in fluoride-exposed mice was significantly altered. Lactobacillus was the mainly targeting bacteria in fluoride-treated mice. Inoculation with Lactobacillus johnsonii reconstructed gut microbiota in fluoride-exposed mice. Inoculation with Lactobacillus johnsonii rescued memory dysfunction in fluoride-expose mice. Fluoride which is
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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