Abstract
The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the quantity and quality of bone by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements and to assess bone resorption by urinary excretion measurement of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in an adult Turkish population living in an endemic fluorosis area and consuming drinking water with a high fluoride (F) concentration (mean 3.57 ppm F). Excretion of urinary CTX, heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (HBUA; dB/MHz), and speed of sound (SOS; m/s) were examined in 122 Turkish adults (37 pre-menopausal, 40 post-menopausal women, and 45 men) living in the endemic fluorosis area. For comparison, the same measurements were made on 117 controls (48 pre-menopausal women, 34 post-menopausal women, and 35 men) living in a nonendemic low F water area (mean 0.4 ppm F). In the F endemic area urinary excretion of CTX was higher in all subjects, whereas calcaneal BUA was lower in post-menopausal women. In the F endemic area SOS was significantly greater among pre-menopausal women but was not significantly different in the other two groups. Although non-trauma bone fracture rates were not significantly different among any of the groups, some of the bone marker differences indicate that exposure to prolonged high concentration of F may increase the risk of bone fracture, especially in post-menopausal women.
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Effects of dialysate calcium and fluoride on bone disease during regular hemodialysis
A previous study indicated that, in patients maintained by hemodialysis, clinically and roentgenographically apparent bone disease appeared almost exclusively when the dialystate calcium concentration was less than 5.7 mg per 100 ml. In the present study, bone biopsy specimens from the iliac crest were studied at the beginning and end
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A prospective study of bone mineral content and fracture in communities with differential fluoride exposure
In 1983/1984, a study of bone mass and fractures was begun in 827 women aged 20-80 years in three rural Iowa communities selected for the fluoride and calcium content of their community water supplies. The control community's water had a calcium content of 67 mg/liter and a fluoride content of
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The effects of fluoridation on degenerative joint disease (DJD) and hip fractures
Fluoride strengthens bone, yet makes it more susceptible to fracture. If mechanical factors are important in DJD, an increased risk for DJD in communities where fluoride is consumed is also expected. Hip fractures and knee DJD joint replacements among those >65 years for 1991-1996 were compared between one community with
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Denser but Not Stronger? Fluoride-Induced Bone Growth and Increased Risk of Hip Fractures.
Abstract Since the mid-1940s, fluoride has been added to toothpaste and (in some countries) tap water, table salt, or milk to reduce dental cavities.1 Although low-level fluoride supplementation prevents cavities, higher levels cause white mottling of the teeth.2 What is more, some studies suggest fluoride in drinking water may increase the
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Environmental Fluoride 1977 by Rose & Marier
The Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality was established by the National Research Council of Canada in response to a mandate provided by the Federal Government to develop scientific guidelines for defining the quality of the environment. The concern of the NRC Associate Committee is strictly with scientific
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Fluoridation, Dialysis & Osteomalacia
In the 1960s and 1970s, doctors discovered that patients receiving kidney dialysis were accumulating very high levels of fluoride in their bones and blood, and that this exposure was associated with severe forms of osteomalacia, a bone-softening disease that leads to weak bones and often excruciating bone pain. Based on
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength Prior to Onset of Skeletal Fluorosis
The majority of animal studies investigating fluoride's impact on bone strength have found that fluoride has either no effect, or a detrimental effect, on bone strength. Importantly, several of the animal studies that have found fluoride reductes bone strength have reported that this reduction in strength occurs before signs of skeletal fluorosis
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Unheeded Warnings: Government Health Authorities Ignore Fluoride Risk for Kidney Patients
Despite the well known fact that individuals with kidney disease are at much higher risk of fluoride toxicity than the general population, there has yet to be any attempt in the United States, or any other country that practices mass-scale water fluoridation to determine the prevalence of fluoride-related effects (e.g.,
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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