Abstract
Fluoride is widely believed to be a useful chemical substance for preventing dental caries. However, the mechanism underlying crystal perforation in the tooth enamel and the effect of fluoride on hard tissues are unclear. To clarify the mechanism of the biological action of fluoride in the mineralization process, we examined the hard tissues of rats having received water containing a relatively low fluoride level. Electron microscopy revealed that fluoride ions could interrupt the crystal nucleation process, resulting in crystal perforation in the developing tooth enamel and the presence of amorphous minerals in bone crystals. Furthermore, the results of enzymatic analyses indicated that fluoride directly interfered with the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase by the enamel-forming cells, rather than being directly involved in the crystal formation. From the results, we would like to provide a possible mechanism of crystal perforation in the enamel induced by fluoride intake. Also, we would like to suggest that regardless of its amount, fluoride intake has harmful effects on both tooth and bone formation.
-
-
Biphasic Functions of Sodium Fluoride (NaF) in Soft and in Hard Periodontal Tissues.
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used in clinical dentistry. However, the administration of high or low concentrations of NaF has various functions in different tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of the different effects of NaF will help to optimize its use in clinical applications. Studies of NaF and epithelial cells, osteoblasts,
-
Bone response to fluoride exposure is influenced by genetics
Genetic factors influence the effects of fluoride (F) on amelogenesis and bone homeostasis but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undefined. A label-free proteomics approach was employed to identify and evaluate changes in bone protein expression in two mouse strains having different susceptibilities to develop dental fluorosis and to alter bone
-
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme status of adult males with skeletal fluorosis in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Blood samples from 24 adult males, age 25 to 40, with endemic skeletal fluorosis, living in the Vaillapally village of the Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India, were examined and compared with samples from 15 matched controls for their antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation. Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels indicated an
-
The relationship between water-borne fluoride, dental fluorosis and skeletal development in 11-15 year old Tanzanian girls
Dental fluorosis was evaluated by a classification system, previously shown to be sensitive, and skeletal changes evaluated by bone maturity and structure. Dental fluorosis was more severe in posterior than in anterior teeth in both jaws irrespective of fluoride concentration of the drinking water. There appeared to be no dependence between fluoride content
-
Fluorosilicic acid induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
Highlights Fluorosilicic acid is the most used additive for water fluoridation. Dental fluorosis can be caused by fluorosilicic acid present in drinking water. DNA damage was caused by fluorosilicic acid in mesenchymal stem cells. Fluorosilicic acid altered bone mineralization in mesenchymal stem cells. DNA damage caused by fluorosilicic acid
Related Studies :
-
-
-
Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
-
Mechanisms by Which Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis Remain Unknown
When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
-
"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
-
Dental Fluorosis in the U.S. 1950-2004
Before the widespread use of fluoride in dentistry, dental fluorosis was rarely found in western countries. Today, with virtually every toothpaste now containing fluoride, and most U.S. water supplies containing fluoride chemicals, dental fluorosis rates have reached unprecedented levels. In the 1950s, it was estimated that only 10% of children in
-
Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis: The Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) Index
The traditional criteria (the "Dean Index") for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by H. Trendley Dean. While the Dean Index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis -- including the CDC's national surveys of fluorosis in the United States -- dental
Related FAN Content :
-