Abstract
The epiphysis is a gland containing firm extracellular bodies (brain sand) the number of which increases with age. Microscopy and roentgen microtomography showed that in some cases of schizophrenia the amount of brain sand decreases. In parallel, cytoplasm of pinealocytes appears to contain concrements of a new type–irregular hollow spheres of 0.1-1.5 microm in size. They may contain fluoride. Typical hydroxyapatite retaining organic stroma may dissolve starting from the center both in health and schizophrenia.
NOTE FROM FAN: The epiphysis is another term for pineal.
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Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats
Fluoride (F) is known to affect mineralizing tissues, but effects upon the developing brain have not been previously considered. This study in Sprague-Dawley rats compares behavior, body weight, plasma and brain F levels after sodium fluoride (NaF) exposures during late gestation, at weaning or in adults. For prenatal exposures, dams
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Appetitive-based learning in rats: lack of effect of chronic exposure to fluoride.
BACKGROUND: Chronic ingestion of optimally fluoridated water (ca. 1.0 mg/L) has not been associated with any adverse health effects. Possible effects on the nervous system, however, have received little attention. One study with rats given high doses of fluoride reported subtle behavioral changes. The authors suggested that the ability of
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Neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects in rats offspring co-exposed to arsenic and fluoride during development.
Highlights Arsenic/Fluoride co-exposure during development causes neurobehavioral alterations in offspring. iAs/F causes delayed development of sensorimotor reflexes and produces less nociceptive response. iAs/F co-exposure increase locomotor activity. Antioxidant enzymes and neurotransmitter level are altered in the striatum area. Arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F) are ubiquitous in the environment. All over
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Carica Papaya leaf extract as a neuroprotective agent against behavioral and neurotransmitter changes in brain of the rat treated with sodium fluoride in pre- and post-natal periods.
Background: Fluoride is an excitotoxin challenging the excitatory receptors and activate them continuously and also in proliferation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to neurodegeneration and its associated dysfunction. Chronic exposure to 20ppm sodium fluoride to pregnant rats is proven to be neurotoxic for the developing pups. Carica papaya
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Fluoride exposure during development affects both cognition and emotion in mice
Highlights The developmental fluoride exposure to mice affects their emotional behaviors. The developmental fluoride declines both spatial and non-spatial cognition of mice. The high fluoride reduces the exercise tolerance of mice. Previous studies have suggested that sodium fluoride (NaF) may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment. In the present study, we evaluated
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Luke (2001): Fluoride Deposition in the Aged Human Pineal Gland
This study has added new knowledge on the fate and distribution of fluoride in the body. It has shown for the first time that fluoride readily accumulates in the human pineal gland although there was considerable inter-individual variation
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Luke (1997): The Effect of Fluoride on the Physiology of the Pineal Gland (Excerpts)
"The results suggest that fluoride is associated with low circulating levels of melatonin and this leads to an accelerated sexual maturation in female gerbils. The results strengthen the hypothesis that the pineal has a role in pubertal development."
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