Abstract
To investigate the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm motility, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the testes, male Wistar rats were exposed to 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg NaF/kg bw/day by intragastric gavage for 90 days. Sperm motility was significantly inhibited, especially at the lower F intake level. Significant increases in oxidative stress with elevated malondialdehyde occurred in the 1.0 mg NaF group and increased hydrogen peroxide in the 2.0 mg NaF group. Compared with the control group without NaF, the cell percentage in G0/G1 phase increased significantly, whereas it decreased significantly in S phase. On the other hand, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase was similar to that of the control. In the 2.0 and 3.0 mg NaF groups, a significant increase in testicular cell apoptosis was observed. Thus, especially at a comparatively lower level of exposure, F exhibits toxic effects on reproductive function in the form of decreased sperm motility, enhanced oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis, although the latter does not appear to be directly connected with the increased level of oxidative stress.
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Toxic effects of sodium fluoride on reproductive function in male mice
To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of the action of fluoride on testis cell cycle and cell apoptosis in male mice, sexually mature male Kunming mice were exposed to 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg NaF/L in their drinking water for 8 weeks. At the end of the exposure
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Sodium fluoride activates ERK and JNK via induction of oxidative stress to promote apoptosis and impairs ovarian function in rats
The toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) to female fertility is currently recognized; however, the mechanisms are unclear. Previously, we reported a reduction in successful pregnancy rates, ovarian atrophy and dysfunction following exposure to NaF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (10
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Effect of fluoride on endocrine tissues and their secretory functions - review.
Highlights Fluoride induce e.g. oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in endocrine tissues. Fluoride causes changes in the level of hormones released from endocrine tissues. Fluoride causes changes in the morphology of endocrine tissues. Abstract The effects of fluoride on endocrine tissues has not been sufficiently explored to date. The current body of
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Fluoride Impairs Ovary Development by Affecting Oogenesis and Inducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Female Zebrafish (Danio Rerio).
Highlights Fluoride exposure decreased FSH, LH and VTG levels in ovary of zebrafish. Fluoride exposure altered the transcriptional profiles of oogenesis-related genes. Fluoride exposure increased ROS production in ovary of zebrafish. Fluoride exposure induces oxidative stress in ovary of zebrafish. Fluoride exposure induces apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic
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Cell cycle arrest and gene expression profiling of testis in mice exposed to fluoride
Exposure to fluoride results in low reproductive capacity; however, the mechanism underlying the impact of fluoride on male [re]productive system still remains obscure. To assess the potential toxicity in testis of mice administrated with fluoride, global genome microarray and real-time PCR were performed to detect and identify the altered transcriptions.
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Nutrient Deficiencies Enhance Fluoride Toxicity
It has been known since the 1930s that poor nutrition enhances the toxicity of fluoride. As discussed below, nutrient deficiencies have been specifically linked to increased susceptibility to fluoride-induced tooth damage (dental fluorosis), bone damage (osteomalacia), neurotoxicity (reduced intelligence), and mutagenicity. The nutrients of primary importance appear to be calcium,
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Fluoride & Oxidative Stress
A vast body of research demonstrates that fluoride exposure increases oxidative stress. Based on this research, it is believed that fluoride-induced oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the various toxic effects associated with fluoride exposure. It is also well established that fluoride's toxic effects can be ameliorated by exposure
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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