Abstract
X-ray examinations of 98 potroom workers at an aluminum refinery plant in China have been carried out to study skeletal disorders that might be related to f-exposure. The examinations included the pelvis, lumbar vertebrae, radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula. Changes in skeletal system, such as bone density and trabeculae structure, the appearance of osteophytes and exostosis, and the calcification of interosseous membranes and ligaments were assessed by two orthopedic surgeons with the double blind test. NO cases of typical skeletal fluorosis were found among the study group, but the appearance of lumbar vertebral osteophyte in the 45-54 year group, exposed to fluoride for more than 20 years, was significantly more frequent than that in the respective control groups No significant differences in other aspects of osteosclerosis between the F-exposed and the control groups were observed.
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Genu valgum and osteoporosis in an area of endemic fluorosis
Twenty-four male patients with genu valgum deformity drawn from an area of endemic fluorosis in Andhra Pradesh, India, were investigated clinically, radiologically, and biochemically. All had evidence of spinal osteosclerosis along with extensive osteoporotic changes in the bones of the extremities. Levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline-phosphatase activity were
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Industrial fluoride pollution: Chronic fluoride poisoning in Cornwall Island cattle.
An aluminum plant on the south bank of the St. Lawrence river, southwest of Cornwall Island, Ontario, Canada, has emitted 0.816 metric tons of fluoride daily since 1973; considerably higher amounts were emitted from 1959 to 1973. The plant has been designated as the "major source of fluoride emissions impacting
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Elevated serum fluoride concentrations in women are not related to fractures and bone mineral density
Epidemiologic studies of the relations between drinking-water fluoride levels and bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture are characterized by disparate conclusions and an absence of information about individual circulating fluoride levels. This study relates serum fluoride concentrations, which reflect individual fluoride exposures, to BMD and bone fractures. Data are from
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Effect of fluoride on osteocyte-driven osteoclastic differentiation.
Highlights Osteocytes can tolerate the toxic dose of fluoride, and PTH [Parathyroid hormone] administration significantly reduced osteocytes viability. PTH aggravated effect of fluoride on osteoclastogenesis related molecules in osteocytes. PTH administration hardly amplified the stimulating effect of fluoride on osteoclastogenesis. The impact of fluoride on osteocyte-driven osteoclast differentiation was stronger
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The role of TGFß receptor 1-smad3 signaling in regulating the osteoclastic mode affected by fluoride.
Highlights Fluoride upregulated 303 miRNAs expression and downregulated 61 miRNAs. Fluoride exhibited biphasic effect on osteoclast viability, formation and function. Fluoride indicated little effect on expression of RANK protein. SB431542 inhibited or aggravated fluoride-regulating osteoclast mode. Stimulation of fluoride on Smad3 expression exhibited dose-dependent manner. Studies that have focused on
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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