Abstract
X-ray examinations of 98 potroom workers at an aluminum refinery plant in China have been carried out to study skeletal disorders that might be related to f-exposure. The examinations included the pelvis, lumbar vertebrae, radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula. Changes in skeletal system, such as bone density and trabeculae structure, the appearance of osteophytes and exostosis, and the calcification of interosseous membranes and ligaments were assessed by two orthopedic surgeons with the double blind test. NO cases of typical skeletal fluorosis were found among the study group, but the appearance of lumbar vertebral osteophyte in the 45-54 year group, exposed to fluoride for more than 20 years, was significantly more frequent than that in the respective control groups No significant differences in other aspects of osteosclerosis between the F-exposed and the control groups were observed.
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The Joints
Of 300 patients with endemic skeletal fluorosis 187 (110 children and 77 adults) showed evidence of arthritis. The spine, especially its cervical portion, appeared to be mainly involved; elbow, hip and knee joints followed next in order.
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Effects of fluoride in bone repair: an evaluation of RANKL, OPG and TRAP expression
The objective of this study was to evaluate comparatively the effect of fluoride in the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in alveolar bone repair in rats. We used 3 groups of male Wistar rats (n = 5/group), which
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Methoxyflurane toxicity: historical determination and lessons for modern patient and occupational exposure.
Aim: Historically methoxyflurane was used for anaesthesia. Evidence of nephrotoxicity led to abandonment of this application. Subsequently, methoxyflurane, in lower doses, has re-emerged as an analgesic agent, typically used via the Penthrox inhaler in the ambulance setting. We review the literature to consider patient and occupational risks for
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Fluoride in mandibles and antlers of roe and red deer from different areas of England and Scotland.
Fluoride concentrations were measured in mandibles of 112 male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) aged 1–6 years, from 5 localities in England and Scotland; also in bone from sections cut in series from orbit to antler-top of 10 other roe deer. Fluoride concentrations in mandibles were mostly within values expected from
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[Ossification of ligament and tendon attached around the elbow joint in diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis].
Objective: To probe into the significance of osteosis of the junctions of ligaments and tendons around elbow joints for the diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis. Methods: Analyses were conducted on X-ray signs of elbow joints in 23 cases with skeletal fluorosis and fluoridated elbow joints identified in March 2011 in an
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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