Abstract

To investigate the effects of fluoride on the expression levels of cytokines in the rat hippocampus, 60 adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15 rats each, whose drinking water contained: (1) double distilled water (the control group); (2) 25 mg sodium fluoride (NaF)/L, (11.3 mg F/L); (3) 50 mg NaF/L, (22.6 mg F/L); and (4) 100 mg NaF/L, (45.2 mg F/L). After five months treatment, the expression levels of the cytokines TGF-B1, IL-4, IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF-B gene were determined by real-time PCR, and the TGF-B1 protein levels were detected by ELISA. A significant decrease of TGF-B1 was found, in both the gene and protein levels, while no significant change occurred in the levels of IL-4, IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF-a gene. Fluoride may damage the hippocampus by significantly decreasing the expression of TGF-B1 gene and protein, possibly by an unknown post-transcriptional mechanism. The study provides a new perspective for evaluating the neurotoxicity of fluoride.

• Related Studies :

  • Effects of chronic fluorosis on CAMKIIA, C-FOS, BAX, and BCL-2 channel signalling in the hippocampus of rats

    In this study, the neurotoxicity of fluoride (F) in the hippocampus of rats exposed to 15, 30, and 60 mg NaF/L in their drinking water for nine months was investigated. Compared with the control (<0.5 mg F/L), significant increases in the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha (CaMKII?) (F=5.228, p<0.05)

  • Evaluation of Metformin and Dehydrozingerone against fluorosis induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in preclinical models.

    Background: Inorganic fluoride is widely used in dental practices to treat problems like dental caries and also to prevent bone related issues. It has been reported that exposure to excess amounts of fluoride either through drinking water or other sources impairs vital functions of the body and can

  • Decreased learning ability and low hippocampus glutamate in offspring rats exposed to fluoride and lead.

    Fluoride (F) and lead (Pb) are two common environmental pollutants which are linked to the lowered intelligence, especially for children. Glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays an important role in the process of learning and memory. However, the impact of F and Pb alone or

  • MiR-132, miR-204 and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway may be involved in spatial learning and memory.

    Highlights Spatial learning and memory of offspring rats were impaired after exposure to fluorine combined with aluminium(FA). Hippocampal miR-132 and miR-204 were increased after FA exposure. Hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway was down-regulated after FA exposure. There were antagonistic effects between F and Al, with Al reducing the toxicity of F. Fluorine

  • Fluoride exposure decreased learning ability and the expressions of the insulin receptor in male mouse hippocampus and olfactory bulb.

    Fluoride is one of the common environmental pollutants. Internal exposure to fluoride is related to the lowered cognitive function and intelligence, particularly for children. Determination of protein content in brain tissue is a means to reflect the functional development of the central nervous system. Insulin and insulin receptor (IR) signaling

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.

    Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching

  • NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects

    The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.

  • Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain

    The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts

  • Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies

    The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.

  • Fluoride & IQ: 74 Studies

    • As of May 2022, a total of 83 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 74 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies which reported an association of reduced IQ with exposure to