Abstract
A 38-year prospective study of 992 New Zealand children on fluoride (F) and IQ, of whom an uncertain number (0–101) had not received, at age 5 years, additional F with F tablets (taken: 139, not taken: 763, unknown: 90), community water fluoridation (CWF) (lived in CWF area: 891, never lived in CWF area: 99, unknown: 2) or F toothpaste (always used: 634, sometimes used: 240, never used: 22, unknown: 96), has led to differing advice on avoiding Type I and Type II errors. Consideration of eight studies on F and IQ, and introducing a safety factor of 10 to allow for individual differences in water intake and sensitivity (between- and within-subject variations), suggests a maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) for F in drinking water of 0.1 mg F/L. Whilst achieving this may be difficult in many areas, at the least no active steps should be taken to raise water F levels above 0.1 mg F/L. Some evidence suggests that the only assuredly safe level of F in drinking water is zero.
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Community water fluoridation and intelligence: prospective study in New Zealand
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between community water fluoridation (CWF) and IQ. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of a general population sample of those born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1, 1972, and March 30, 1973 (95.4% retention of cohort after 38 years of prospective follow-up).
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Effects of endemic fluoride poisoning on the intellectual development of children in Baotou.
Our goal was to investigate the effects of endemic fluoride poisoning on the intellectual development of children living in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Our method was to select random child subjects from endemic fluoride areas in Baotou and use the illustrated version of the Chinese Standardized Raven Test for use with
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Prenatal exposure to fluoride and neuropsychological development in early childhood: 1-to 4 years old children.
Highlights Maternal fluoride levels were associated with better cognitive scores in childhood. The neuropsychological association is gender dependent; only seen in boys. Positive associations do not disappear after adjustment by different covariates. A potential positive neuropsychological association at low fluoride levels cannot be excluded. Background Cross-sectional and prospective studies have provided
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Relationship between Drinking Water Fluoride and Intelligence Quotient in Egyptian School Children.
Background: Fluoridation of drinking water, despite being regarded as one of the top ten public health achievements of the twentieth century, has remained a much more debated concept. Excessive fluoride intake during infancy and early childhood causes a number of irreversible structural and functional changes in the CNS leading to
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DRAFT NTP Monograph on the Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects
This DRAFT Monograph is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review and does not represent and should not be construed to represent any NTP determination or policy. Background: Previous reviews of epidemiological studies, including a 2006 evaluation by the National Research Council (NRC), found support for an association between
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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