Abstract

A 38-year prospective study of 992 New Zealand children on fluoride (F) and IQ, of whom an uncertain number (0–101) had not received, at age 5 years, additional F with F tablets (taken: 139, not taken: 763, unknown: 90), community water fluoridation (CWF) (lived in CWF area: 891, never lived in CWF area: 99, unknown: 2) or F toothpaste (always used: 634, sometimes used: 240, never used: 22, unknown: 96), has led to differing advice on avoiding Type I and Type II errors. Consideration of eight studies on F and IQ, and introducing a safety factor of 10 to allow for individual differences in water intake and sensitivity (between- and within-subject variations), suggests a maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) for F in drinking water of 0.1 mg F/L. Whilst achieving this may be difficult in many areas, at the least no active steps should be taken to raise water F levels above 0.1 mg F/L. Some evidence suggests that the only assuredly safe level of F in drinking water is zero.

• Related Studies :

  • Fluoride exposure and intelligence in school-age children: evidence from different windows of exposure susceptibility.

    Study Retracted on November 8, 2022. Retraction Note: BMC Public Health 20, 1657 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09765-4 The Editor has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the data analysis and conclusions in the paper. The authors have provided raw data, and post-publication review found inconsistencies in methodology and major misinterpretation of the

  • Intelligence quotient of 7 to 9 year-old children from an area with high fluoride in drinking water.

    This paper reports the effect of chronic high fluoride exposure on children's intelligence quotient (IQ). In this cross sectional study, two urban communities with similar socio-economic and cultural status but with different levels of fluoride in drinking water, in Kerman province of Iran were studied: Koohbanan City (fluoride 2.38 mg/L),

  • The adverse effect of fluoride on children's intelligence: A systematic review.

    The authors conducted a systematic review on published studies to date to investigate the effect of fluoride exposure on children's intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. PSYCHINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SCI, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) search engines were employed for all documents published up to 2012, in English

  • Controversy: The Evolving Science of Fluoride: When New Evidence Doesn't Conform With Existing Beliefs

    Over the past 75 years, health authorities have declared that community water fluoridation-a practice that reaches over 400 million worldwide-is safe. Yet, studies conducted in North America examining the safety of fluoride exposure in pregnancy were nonexistent. When a Canadian study reported that higher fluoride exposure in pregnant women was

  • Dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride concentration as a reflection of fluoride exposure and its impact on IQ level and BMI of children of Laxmisagar, Simlapal Block of Bankura District, W.B., India

    There has been growing public concern about intellectual performance of children at high levels of fluoride exposure. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Simlapal Block of Bankura District, West Bengal, to find out the relationship between fluoride (F) exposure as exposure dose (ED) with dental fluorosis (DF), urinary fluoride concentration

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies

    • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies which reported an association of reduced IQ with exposure

  • Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals

    An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out

  • Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain

    The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts

  • Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies

    The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.

  • Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.

    Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching