Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in Mexican adolescents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in 1,024 adolescents 12 and 15-years-old residing in three naturally fluoridated locales at high altitudes above sea level (> 2,000 m or > 6,560 ft) in Tula de Allende, Hidalgo, Mexico. Participants had lived in those communities from birth to their sixth birthday. Both the Modified Dean Index and the Community Fluorosis Index were calculated.
RESULTS: The overall fluorosis prevalence was 83.8 percent. Fluorosis prevalence in El Llano (3.07 ppmF), San Marcos (1.38 ppmF), and Tula Centro (1.42 ppmF) was 94.7, 89.8, and 81.9 percent, respectively. Overall, the Community Fluorosis Index was 1.85. We observed a high prevalence of dental fluorosis–mostly very mild (35.9 percent), but also uncommonly severe (20.6 percent).
CONCLUSIONS: At least 8 out of 10 adolescents had some level of fluorosis, and such prevalence is considered to be a dental public health problem. A relationship between fluoride concentration in water in each community and fluorosis was observed. The high fluorosis prevalence and severity might possibly be associated with the high altitude of the communities.
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Condition of mineralized tooth tissue in a population of 15-year-old adolescents living in a region of Ukraine with slightly exceeded fluorine concentration in the water.
INTRODUCTION: Fluorine is a common element in nature; however, the difference between a beneficial dose and a toxic dose for the organisms is small. The main source of fluoride for humans is water in addition to food. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the degree of severity of
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Fluoride exposure alters Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial function in enamel cells.
Fluoride ions are highly reactive, and their incorporation in forming dental enamel at low concentrations promotes mineralization. In contrast, excessive fluoride intake causes dental fluorosis, visually recognizable enamel defects that can increase the risk of caries. To investigate the molecular bases of dental fluorosis, we analyzed the effects of fluoride
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COL1A2 gene polymorphisms (Pvu II and Rsa I), serum calciotropic hormone levels, and dental fluorosis.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between dental fluorosis, polymorphisms in the COL1A2 gene, and serum calciotropic hormone levels. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study among children between 8 and 12 years of age with (n = 75) and without (n = 165) dental fluorosis in two counties in Henan Province, China.
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Fluoride dentifrice ingestion and fluorosis of the permanent incisors
BACKGROUND: Fluoride dentifrice is a primary means of preventing childhood caries, but it is also an important risk factor for fluorosis. The authors examine the influence of fluoride dentifrice ingestion on fluorosis of the permanent incisors. METHODS: Participants in the Iowa Fluoride Study received questionnaires at regular intervals concerning fluoride sources.
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In vivo effect of fluoride combined with amoxicillin on enamel development in rats.
Some evidence in vitro suggested that amoxicillin and fluoride could disturb the enamel mineralization. Objective: To assess the effect of amoxicillin and of the combination of amoxicillin and fluoride on enamel mineralization in rats. Methodology: In total, 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (CG);
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Dental Fluorosis: The "Cosmetic" Factor
Any condition that can cause children to be embarrassed about their physical appearance can have significant consequences on their self-esteem and confidence. Researchers have repeatedly found that "physical appearance [is] the best predictor of self-esteem" in adolescents, (Harter 2000) and that facial attractiveness, particularly the appearance of one's teeth, is a
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
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Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis: The Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) Index
The traditional criteria (the "Dean Index") for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by H. Trendley Dean. While the Dean Index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis -- including the CDC's national surveys of fluorosis in the United States -- dental
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Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis: The TSIF ("Total Surface Index of Fluorosis")
The traditional criteria (the "Dean Index") for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by H. Trendley Dean. While the Dean Index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis -- including the CDC's national surveys of fluorosis in the United States -- dental
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Moderate/Severe Dental Fluorosis
In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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