Abstract
Horses grazing in areas where cattle and sheep had developed severe fluorosis were examined clinically. Of those examined, 12 horses of different ages and with various degrees of fluorosis were selected for necropsy. Selected tissues were examined grossly, histologically, and radiographically. Major fluorotic lesions occurred only when the horses ingested excessive amounts of fluorine during the period of tooth formation. 12 references, 6 figures, 1 table.
Excerpt:
These [fluorotic] changes first appear at sites of greatest metabolic activity and stress within a given bone and in bones that are under the greatest stress from weight bearing and locomotion.
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Clinical symptoms of dental and skeletal fluorosis in Gadag and Bagalkot Districts of Karnataka.
An investigation was undertaken in six endemic villages of Mundargi taluk of Gadag district and two of Hungund taluk of Bagalkot district to assess the clinical symptoms of both dental and skeletal fluorosis and in turn to find out the severity of the disease. A check list developed with the help of
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High levels of fluoride in groundwater from Northern parts of Indo-Gangetic plains reveals detrimental fluorosis health risks.
Highlights This study provides an overview of fluoride distribution and health risks in the fluoride endemic region of Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain. Groundwater fluorides concentration exceeded the safe drinking water limit in 98% of sampling locations. Health hazard index (HQFluoride) exceeded the unitary value in all the individual groups signifying that
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Impact of Community Defluoridation on a Village Endemic for Hydric Fluorosis in Rural Karnataka, India.
Introduction: Excessive intake of fluorides can lead to the development of fluorosis, a serious public health issue in India. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of community defluoridation in preventing fluorosis in Kaiwara village. Methodology: This community interventional trial was conducted in Kaiwara
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Impacts of soil and water fluoride contamination on the safety and productivity of food and feed crops: A systematic review.
Highlights Plants tend to accumulate fluoride mostly in the root system Accumulation of F in plant tissues is dose-dependent with some exceptions F contamination of food crops can represents an actual health hazard in polluted areas F can alter chlorophyll levels, plant physiology and can induce oxidative stress Evidences of
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A Brief and Critical Review of Chronic Fluoride Poisoning (Fluorosis) in Domesticated Water Buff aloes (Bubalus bubalis) in India: Focus on its Impact on Rural Economy.
In the rural areas of India, fl uoridated drinking water, industrial fluoride pollution and fluoride rich feed phosphate supplements are the major sources of fluoride exposure for domesticated water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). However, the fluoridated drinking groundwater is the commonest and principal source of fluoride exposure for these ruminants. Chronic
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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Fluoride & Rheumatoid Arthritis
The symptoms of skeletal fluorosis can closely resemble rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and thus individuals with fluorosis can "easily be mistaken" as having RA. In addition, clinical research on fluoride-treated osteoporosis patients has found that fluoride exposure can exacerbate pre-existing RA, and recent research shows that the levels of fluoride found in the blood of the general population (19-57 ppb) are sufficient to effect an enzyme (15-lipoxygenase) implicated in the inflammatory process of RA.
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Skeletal Fluorosis in India & China
In India and China, scientists have repeatedly found that skeletal fluorosis occurs in populations drinking water with just 0.7 to 1.5 ppm fluoride. Although nutritional deficiencies and hot climates make populations in India and China more susceptible to fluoride toxicity than is generally the case in western countries, this fact does not remove the relevance of the Indian and Chinese experience to the situation in fluoridating countries. This is because (a) nutritional deficiencies also exist in the western world, particularly in low-income communities, and (b) some individuals, including those with kidney disease, can be just as -- if not more -- susceptible to fluoride toxicity.
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