Abstract

Axonal and dendrictic degenerations were observed in non-skeleton fluorosis as the neurological manifestations. Microtubules, composed of the assembled tubulin dimers, are the essential cytoskeleton of axon and dendron. However, the effect of fluoride (F) on microtubules status and tubulin dimer expression in central nerves system remains largely unknown. In this study, the ultrastructure of microtubules and expression of TubB1a and TubB2a were detected in hippocampus of mice orally administrated with 25, 50, or 100mgL(-1) NaF for 60d. Results showed that in F treatment groups, microtubules were broken into discrete fragments and bended, which were no longer stretched and went along the axon well. In addition, the expression of TubB1a and TubB2a on both gene and protein levels were significantly reduced in high F group. The visual results of immunocytochemistry also confirmed the decreased protein expressions of TubB1a and TubB2a. These findings suggested that microtubule lesions could be an important cause for neurodegeneration observed in fluorosis, and F may threaten the microtubule stability by affecting the expression of tubulin dimers.

• Related Studies :

  • Effects of fluoride on DNA damage, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and the expression of NF-kappaB in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons.

    The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of fluorosis still remain obscure. To investigate DNA damage, cell-cycle distribution and expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) induced by fluoride, the primary rat hippocampal neurons were incubated with various concentrations (20mg/l, 40 mg/l, and 80 mg/l) of sodium fluoride for 24 h in

  • Autophagy May Be Involved in Fluoride-Induced Learning Impairment in Rats.

    Fluoride can induce neurotoxicity, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we explored the role of autophagy in F--induced neurotoxicity of Wistar rats. Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (distilled water containing less than 0.1 mg/L F-) and three NaF-treated groups (F- was respectively

  • [Effects of fluoride on SNAP-25 gene expression in rat hippocampus].

    After the establishment of fluorosis animal model, the gene expression of SNAP-25 was detected in order to provide experimental data for nervous system injury induced by fluoride. The results showed that, compared with the de-ionized water group, SNAP-25 mRNA expression was significantly reduced by fluoride.

  • [Effects of selenium on the damage of learning-memory ability of mice induced by fluoride].

    Sodium fluoride added with or without selenite in deionized water was administered to male mice for 8 weeks. The influences of fluoride on learning-memory behavior were tested on Y-maze, and the ultrastructure of Gray 1 synaptic interface in the CA3 area hippocampus was qualitatively analyzed by electron microscopy and computer

  • Effect of fluoride on the proteomic profile of the hippocampus in rats

    Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect fluoride-induced alterations in the proteome of the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were subjected to treatments three weeks after weaning. Animals of the first group were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with aqueous NaF (20 mg/kg/body weight/day), the second group, injected with physiological

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies

    The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.

  • Fluoride & IQ: The 63 Studies

    As of November 2019, a total of 71 studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. Of these investigations, 63 studies have found that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans, while over 60 animal studies have found that fluoride exposure impairs the learning and/or

  • Fluoride's Neurobehavioral Effects in Humans & Animals

    In addition to studies linking fluoride to reduced IQ in humans, and impaired learning/memory in animals,  human and animal studies have also linked fluoride to a variety of other neurobehavioral effects. These studies, which are excerpted below, provide yet further evidence that fluoride is a neurotoxin. The latest findings were reported

  • Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain

    The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts

  • Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals

    An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in over 61 studies of human populations. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following