Abstract
Axonal and dendrictic degenerations were observed in non-skeleton fluorosis as the neurological manifestations. Microtubules, composed of the assembled tubulin dimers, are the essential cytoskeleton of axon and dendron. However, the effect of fluoride (F) on microtubules status and tubulin dimer expression in central nerves system remains largely unknown. In this study, the ultrastructure of microtubules and expression of TubB1a and TubB2a were detected in hippocampus of mice orally administrated with 25, 50, or 100mgL(-1) NaF for 60d. Results showed that in F treatment groups, microtubules were broken into discrete fragments and bended, which were no longer stretched and went along the axon well. In addition, the expression of TubB1a and TubB2a on both gene and protein levels were significantly reduced in high F group. The visual results of immunocytochemistry also confirmed the decreased protein expressions of TubB1a and TubB2a. These findings suggested that microtubule lesions could be an important cause for neurodegeneration observed in fluorosis, and F may threaten the microtubule stability by affecting the expression of tubulin dimers.
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Histological changes in the brain of young fluoride-intoxicated rats
Wistar albino rats were exposed to 30 or 100 ppm fluoride (as NaF) in drinking water during their fetal, weanling, and post-weaning stages until the age of ten weeks. Rats exposed to 30 ppm fluoride did not show any notable alterations in brain histology, whereas rats exposed to 100 ppm
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Effects of drinking water fluorosis on L-type calcium channel of hippocampal neurons in mice.
Highlights Fluoride affects calcium metabolism in mice. Fluoride significantly increases the current peak of the LTCCs. Fluoride reduces the activation voltage of LTCCs. Fluoride delays the inactivation or deactivation of LTCCs. The study aimed to investigate the effects of drinking water fluorosis on L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) in mouse hippocampal neurons.
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Protective effect of lovastatin on neurotoxicity of excessive fluoride in primary hippocampal neurons
The protective role of lovastatin against neurotoxicity induced by fluorosis was investigated by using primary hippocampal neurons. The cholesterol content, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by biochemical assays. The cell viability was assessed by examining the rate of apoptosis by flow cytometry. The
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Effect of fluoride on calcium ion concentration and expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B p65 in rat hippocampus
The study investigated the neurotoxicity of drinking water fluorosis in rat hippocampus. Just weaning male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given 15, 30, 60 mg/L NaF solution and tap water for 9 months. The calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]) in synaptosomes was measured by double wavelength fluorescence spectrophotometer and the expression level
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Dental fluorosis and catalase Immunoreactivity of the Brain Tissues in rats exposed to high fluoride pre- and postnatally
This study evaluated dental fluorosis of the incisors and immunoreactivity in the brain tissues of rats given chronic fluoride doses pre- and postnatally. Female rats were given drinking water with 0, 30 or 100 ppm fluoride ad libitum throughout gestation and the nursing period. In addition, 63 male offspring were
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