Abstract
Fluorine is reported to affect embryonic development, but the underlining mechanism is unclear. The modification of DNA methylation of the H19 and Peg3 genes is important in embryonic development. Therefore, the effect of fluorine on methylation of H19 and Peg3 during early mouse embryos was studied. It was shown that the H19 gene was significantly downmethylated in E2.5, E3.5, and E4.5 embryos from pregnant mice treated with 120 mg/l NaF in drinking water for 48 h. But methylation of both H19 and Peg3 genes was disrupted when the parent male mice were treated with NaF for 35 days. H19 DNA methylation decreased significantly, while Peg3 was almost completely methylated. However, when pregnant mice, mated with NaF-treated male mice, were again treated with NaF for 48 h, either H19 or Peg3 methylation in the embryos decreased significantly. In addition, the mRNA level of H19 considerably increased in E3.5 and E4.5 embryos from NaF-treated pregnant mice. Further, the expression of DNMT1 decreased significantly after NaF treatment. Conclusively, we demonstrated that fluorine may adversely affect early embryonic development by disrupting the methylation of H19 and Peg3 through downregulation of DNMT1.
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Toxic effects of fluoride on reproductive ability in male rats: sperm motility, oxidative stress, cell cycle, and testicular apoptosis.
To investigate the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm motility, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the testes, male Wistar rats were exposed to 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg NaF/kg bw/day by intragastric gavage for 90 days. Sperm motility was significantly inhibited, especially at the lower F intake level. Significant
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Reproductive toxic effects of ingestion of sodium fluoride in female rats
The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of different concentrations of sodium fluoride (200, 400 and 600 ppm NaF), administered in drinking water for 30 days, on the reproductive system of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats in the two higher-dosed groups showed clinical signs of
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Fluoride exposure changed the structure and the expressions of reproductive related genes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis of male mice
Numerous studies have shown that fluoride exposure adversely affected the male reproductive function, while the molecular mechanism is not clear. The present study was to investigate the effects of fluoride exposure (60days) on the expressions of reproductive related genes, serum sex hormone levels and structures of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA),
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Effects of protein supplementation and deficiency on fluoride-induced toxicity in reproductive organs of male mice
Feeding a protein-deficient diet to male mice treated for 30 days with NaF (5, 10, 20 mg/kg body weight) caused a significant decrease in protein levels in testeis, cauda epididymis, and vas deferens. The activity of testicular SDH and 3B- and 17B-HDS as well as ATPase in cauda epididymis and
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Research in the relation between telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in spermatogenic cells and serum levels of estradiol of fluorotic rats.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity expression in spermatogenic cells and serum levels of estradiol of fluorotic rats. METHODS: We randomly divided thirty SD male rats into control group, low-dose group and high-dose group, then inject sodium fluoride (0, 10, 20 mg/kg bw) into celiac of
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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