Abstract
The protective role of lovastatin against neurotoxicity induced by fluorosis was investigated by using primary hippocampal neurons. The cholesterol content, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by biochemical assays. The cell viability was assessed by examining the rate of apoptosis by flow cytometry. The results showed that high fluoride inhibited activity of SOD and increased levels of MDA and apoptosis in the primary neurons. Interestingly, certain dosages of lovastatin, without changing the cholesterol level, attenuated these neurotoxicities resulting from high exposure to fluoride in the primary cultured neurons. The results suggest that lovastatin may play a protective role against the neurotoxicity induced by an excessive amount of fluoride.
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Fluoride enhances the effect of aluminium chloride on interconnections between aggregates of hippocampal neurons
The role of fluoride in aluminium neurotoxicity was studied using an in vitro system of cultured hippocampal neurons from foetal rats. Sodium fluoride (50 microM) and aluminium chloride (12.5 microM) were administered alone or in a specific combination (50 + 12.5 microM) in a 14-day culture in a chemically defined
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Effects of chronic fluorosis on CAMKIIA, C-FOS, BAX, and BCL-2 channel signalling in the hippocampus of rats
In this study, the neurotoxicity of fluoride (F) in the hippocampus of rats exposed to 15, 30, and 60 mg NaF/L in their drinking water for nine months was investigated. Compared with the control (<0.5 mg F/L), significant increases in the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha (CaMKII?) (F=5.228, p<0.05)
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MiR-132, miR-204 and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway may be involved in spatial learning and memory.
Highlights Spatial learning and memory of offspring rats were impaired after exposure to fluorine combined with aluminium(FA). Hippocampal miR-132 and miR-204 were increased after FA exposure. Hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway was down-regulated after FA exposure. There were antagonistic effects between F and Al, with Al reducing the toxicity of F. Fluorine
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Molecular mechanism of brain impairment caused by drinking-acquired fluorosis and selenium intervention
This study investigated the molecular mechanism of brain impairment induced by drinking fluoridated water and selenium intervention. Results showed that the learning and memory of rats in NaF group significantly decreased. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells, the expression levels of Cytc mRNA and protein, and the expression levels of
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Suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and TCA enzymes in discrete brain regions of mice exposed to high fluoride: amelioration by Panax ginseng (Ginseng) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba) extracts
Chronic fluoride intoxication results in pathophysiological complications pertaining to soft tissues, called non-skeletal fluorosis. This study examined whether fluoride-induced alterations in selected parameters that are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction accompany the toxic effects of fluoride in discrete brain regions in vivo and also explored the possibility of treatment with Ginseng
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride & IQ: 68 Studies
As of February 2021, a total of 76 studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. Of these investigations, 68 studies have found that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans, while over 60 animal studies have found that fluoride exposure impairs the learning and/or
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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