Abstract
The protective role of lovastatin against neurotoxicity induced by fluorosis was investigated by using primary hippocampal neurons. The cholesterol content, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by biochemical assays. The cell viability was assessed by examining the rate of apoptosis by flow cytometry. The results showed that high fluoride inhibited activity of SOD and increased levels of MDA and apoptosis in the primary neurons. Interestingly, certain dosages of lovastatin, without changing the cholesterol level, attenuated these neurotoxicities resulting from high exposure to fluoride in the primary cultured neurons. The results suggest that lovastatin may play a protective role against the neurotoxicity induced by an excessive amount of fluoride.
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Effect of exercise on microglial activation and transcriptome of hippocampus in fluorosis mice.
Highlights Exercise alleviated fluoride-induced activation of microglia in hippocampus. Exercise altered the expressions of 670 genes in hippocampus of fluorosis mice. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway involved in the regulation of exercise on neuro-fluorosis. Fluorosis is a widespread endemic disease. Reports have shown that high fluoride causes the dysfunction of central
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Effects of fluoride on DNA damage, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and the expression of NF-kappaB in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of fluorosis still remain obscure. To investigate DNA damage, cell-cycle distribution and expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) induced by fluoride, the primary rat hippocampal neurons were incubated with various concentrations (20mg/l, 40 mg/l, and 80 mg/l) of sodium fluoride for 24 h in
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Effects of NaF on the expression of intracellular Ca2+ fluxes and apoptosis and the antagonism of taurine in murine neuron
Sodium fluoride (NaF) has been shown to be cytotoxic and produces inflammatory responses in humans. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of fluoride are unclear. The present study aims to define a possible mechanism of NaF-induced neurotoxicity with respect to apoptosis and intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes. Meanwhile, the cytoprotective role
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[Expression of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and nuclear factor kB in brain hippocampus of rat with chronic fluorosis].
Objective To investigate the expressions of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) in brain hippocampus of rat with chronic fluorosis, and to reveal the mechanism of brain damage resulted from chronic fluorosis. Methods Sixty clean grade SD rats were randomly divided to three groups (20 rats
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Alterations in the memory of rat offspring exposed to low levels of fluoride during gestation and lactation: Involvement of the a7 nicotinic receptor and oxidative stress.
Daily exposure to fluoride (F) depends mainly on the intake of this element with drinking water. When administered during gestation and lactation, F has been associated with cognitive deficits in the offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of F remain obscure. In the current study, we investigated the effects
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
• As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies which reported an association of reduced IQ with exposure
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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