Abstract

This study reports the protective effects of tamarind ingestion against fluoride induced changes on motor activity and metabolism of Gastrocnemius muscle (GM) of rats. The male Wistar rats were divided into four groups – control, fluoride treated i.p. (20 mg NaF/Kg bw) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indicus III -150mg/kg bw and IV- 300mg/kg bw) + i.p.fluoride (20 mg NaF/Kg bw) groups. The body weight, organo somatic index, motor activity and free radical scavenging enzymes activity in GM-(Superoxide dismutase-SOD, Catalase-CAT, Glutathione transferase-GST, Glutathione peroxidase-GPx,) decreased and Lipid peroxidation-LPO, Xanthine oxidase-XOD levels increased in fluoride treated rats whereas in tamarind+ fluoride treated rats (III and IV) the fluoride toxic effects were reversed to control values. Similarly beneficial effect was observed on metabolic and membrane bound enzymes like, Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), Sodium Potassium ATPase (Na+K+ ATPase) and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in gastrocnemius muscle tissue of tamarind ingested rats compared to fluoride treated rats. This study therefore showed the inhibitory effect of fluoride on motor activity and some enzymes associated with free radical scavenging, metabolism, energy production and membrane transport in GM. The toxic effect was found to be reduced more in the higher dose of tamarind (IV group -300mg/kgbw) than lower dose (III group – 150mg/kgbw). These findings indicate the protective role of tamarind on the gastrocnemius muscle against fluoride toxicity. The efficacy of tamarind fruit pulp could be due to its ability to bind to fluoride making it less available to the organ systems, as well as improve protein synthesis in the body which in turn could be associated to its composition- rich in amino acids and minerals.

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