Abstract
Sprague Dawley albino rats were treated with 30, 45, and 75 mg NaF/kg body weight/day respectively for 20 days and 35 days to study neurotoxic effect of fluoride. The control rats were injected with double distilled water 1cc/kg body weight/day. The animals were sacrificed and the cerebrum was analysed for neurodegenerative anomalies. The adenomatous foci were formed in the cerebral cortex containing degenerating glial cells. The glial cells became vacuolated and showed hyperchromatization of nuclei in brain of rats treated with 30 mg NaF/kg body weight/day. The chain formation of the disintegrated glial cells, senile plaque and large globose shaped neurofibillary tangle inside the perikaryon in cerebral cortex were observed in rats treated with 45 mg NaF/kg body weight/day. An elongated highly chromatolytic region with large number of vacuolated cells was visible. In some neurons, neuroplasm become hyperchromatic, fragmentation and apoptosis of nuclei was prominent. Pleomorphic, irregular glial cells showed necrosis, the cerebral cortex exhibited diffused haemorrhages in rats of 75 mg NaF dose group. The results of present study revealed a fairly consistent pattern of adverse effects by fluoride on cerebral neuropathology, which may be a cause of neurological sequelae and abnormal neuro-behavioural patterns in fluorosis.
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NaF-induced neurotoxicity via activation of the IL-1B/JNK signaling pathway.
Excessive fluoride exposure can induce neuron apoptosis that is associated with neurodegenerative changes, but the mechanisms remain elusive. It has been suggested that chronic fluoride-induced microglia activation contributes to neuronal damage by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-1B, a pro-inflammatory cytokine released by activated microglia, is capable of inducing JNK phosphorylation and
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Prolonged Fluoride Exposure Induces Spatial-memory Deficit and Hippocampal Dysfunction by Inhibiting Small Heat Shock Protein 22 in Mice
Millions of residents in areas with high-fluoride drinking water supply ingest excessive levels of fluoride for long periods. This study investigated the mechanisms and impacts of lifelong exposure to naturally occurring moderate–high-fluoride drinking water on spatial-memory function by studying mice in controlled experiments. Spatial-memory deficits and disorders of hippocampal neuronal
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[The establishment and assessment of animal model of chronic fluorosis-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats].
Objective To establish the rat model of cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic fluorosis and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods Animal model of chronic fluorosis was established by feeding Wistar rats on distillated water containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) for six months; Y-maze and
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Effects of high fluoride intake on child mental work capacity: Preliminary investigation into the mechanisms involved.
A study was carried out on 157 children, age 12–13, from a coal-burning fluorosis endemic area together with an experiment looking into the effect of high fluoride intake in animals. The results showed that early, prolonged high fluoride intake causes a decrease in a child’s mental work capacity and that prolonged high uptake of fluoride causes a child’s levels
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Attenuating effect of Vitamin E on the deficit of learning and memory of rats with chronic fluorosis: the mechanism may involve muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
The protective role of vitamin E (Vit E) against neurotoxicity induced by fluorosis was investigated by using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water for 10 months. Spatial learning and memory of rats were measured by the Morris water maze test; the expressions of M1 and
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
• As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies which reported an association of reduced IQ with exposure
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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