Abstract
About 99% of the Norwegian population are supplied with surface water with very low fluoride levels. Accordingly, they need to use fluoride preparations to prevent dental caries. Groundwater with excess fluoride is a problem mainly in a few areas of South-Eastern Norway, where in some samples of borehole water the fluoride concentration has even exceeded 10 ppm. A warning is given against the use of high-fluoride water when preparing drinks and foods for children. Infants given dried milk formulas diluted with water are at particular risk of developing fluorosis. The recommended daily meals for a three month-old child contain 900 ml water. At a level of 2 ppm, the fluoride content of this volume will exceed the upper limit of the safe and adequate intake for a child this age by 3-4 times. Water used for this purpose should preferably not contain more than 0.5 ppm fluoride. While only few Norwegians are at risk of being exposed to high-fluoride water this problem affects many persons in other parts of the world. With reference to a joint Kenyan-Norwegian research project, the paper is illustrated by cases of dental fluorosis from a Kenyan village supplied with 9 ppm fluoride water. Dental fluorosis of such severity has never been encountered in Norway.
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Dental Fluorosis over Time: A comparison of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2001-2002 and 2011-2012.
Purpose: Excessive fluoride ingestion has been associated with dental fluorosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in dental fluorosis prevalence comparing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) trend data for adolescents, aged 16 and 17 years, when compared to data collected in
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Spatial distribution of fluoride in drinking water and health risk assessment of children in typical fluorosis areas in north China.
Highlights Fluoride content in drinking water for fluorosis areas in Tianjin was investigated. MWS system has a better effect on reducing water fluoride concentration. Younger children (1–4 years old) are more vulnerable to high fluoride exposure. Special attention should be paid to health education strategies against fluorosis. Abstract China has been suffering
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Resolving Questions About the Validity of the CDC’s Fluorosis Data.
Comment on Dental Fluorosis Trends in US Oral Health Surveys: 1986 to 2012 [JDR Clin Trans Res. 2019]
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Characteristics of epidemiology of dental caries in children from regions with high and optimum fluorine content in drinking water.
Objective: Introduction: Prevention of dental diseases in children is the priority item on the modern dentistry agenda. Among the undeniable factors known as contributing into caries incidence, there is fluoride content in the external environment, especially in drinking water, which is the main source of fluoride intake. The aim: This
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Dental Fluorosis Trends in US Oral Health Surveys: 1986 to 2012
Introduction: Dental fluorosis has been assessed only 3 times in nationally representative oral health surveys in the United States. The first survey was conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research from 1986 to 1987. Subsequently, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted fluorosis assessments from 1999 to 2004
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Community Fluorosis Index (CFI)
The current Community Fluorosis Index for U.S. adolescents as a whole (from both fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas) is roughly 5 times higher than the CFI health authorities predicted for fluoridated areas when fluoridation first began. It is also higher than the CFI that the NIDR found in fluoridated areas back in the 1980s. It is readily apparent, therefore, that children are ingesting far more fluoride than was the case in the 1950s, and even as recently as the 1980s.
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Dental Fluorosis in the U.S. 1950-2004
Before the widespread use of fluoride in dentistry, dental fluorosis was rarely found in western countries. Today, with virtually every toothpaste now containing fluoride, and most U.S. water supplies containing fluoride chemicals, dental fluorosis rates have reached unprecedented levels. In the 1950s, it was estimated that only 10% of children in
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Mechanisms by Which Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis Remain Unknown
When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
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Annapolis: Water Fluoridation Linked to Death of Dialysis Patient
EVENING CAPITAL (Annapolis, Maryland) November 29, 1979 Fluoride Linked to Death by Mary Ann Kryzankowicz Staff Writer Fluoride poisoning has been definitely linked to the death of a 65-year-old kidney dialysis patient who became ill during a blood cleaning process Nov 11. State Medical Examiner Dr. (illegible) Guard has ruled that Lawrence Blake, 65, of Arundel
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Dental Fluorosis: The "Cosmetic" Factor
Any condition that can cause children to be embarrassed about their physical appearance can have significant consequences on their self-esteem and confidence. Researchers have repeatedly found that "physical appearance [is] the best predictor of self-esteem" in adolescents, (Harter 2000) and that facial attractiveness, particularly the appearance of one's teeth, is a
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