Abstract
Fluoride is one of the common environmental pollutants. Internal exposure to fluoride is related to the lowered cognitive function and intelligence, particularly for children. Determination of protein content in brain tissue is a means to reflect the functional development of the central nervous system. Insulin and insulin receptor (IR) signaling systems are associated with cognitive ability. The present research focused on the assessment of the expressions of IR protein and mRNA in hippocampus and olfactory bulb (OB), as well as learning and memory ability of male Kunming mice. Mice were exposed to 50, 100, and 150?mg/L NaF for 90 continuous days. The results showed that learning and memory abilities as well as protein content of male mice brain was significantly decreased by fluoride. Fluoride could inhibit the protein and mRNA expressions of the IR in the hippocampus and OB of mice. IRs mainly distributed in the olfactory nerve layer of the outermost layer of the OB, and most distributed in the hippocampal cornu ammon 3 (CA3) region, followed by the dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammon 1 (CA1) regions. These findings suggested that inhibition of the IR protein and mRNA expressions in the hippocampus and OB by fluoride might in part affect learning and memory ability in male mice.
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Effects of perinatal fluoride exposure on the expressions of miR-124 and miR-132 in hippocampus of mouse pups.
Highlights Maternal fluoride exposure enhanced the expressions of miR-124 and miR-132 in hippocampus of mouse offspring. Fluoride-induced decrease in CREB in mouse hippocampus could result from up-regulation of miR-124. In the feedback loop, fluoride decreased MeCP2 and increased miR-132 in the hippocampus of offspring. To investigate the effects of perinatal fluoride
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[Effects of selenium on the damage of learning-memory ability of mice induced by fluoride].
Sodium fluoride added with or without selenite in deionized water was administered to male mice for 8 weeks. The influences of fluoride on learning-memory behavior were tested on Y-maze, and the ultrastructure of Gray 1 synaptic interface in the CA3 area hippocampus was qualitatively analyzed by electron microscopy and computer
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Effect of fluoride exposure on synaptic structure of brain areas related to learning-memory in mice.
SUMMARY: Learning-memory behavior was tested in mice on a Y-maze after they drank water containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride. Impairment of the structure of the Gray I synaptic interface in the CA3 area of the hippocampus was analyzed quantitatively by electron microscopy and a computer imaging processor. The main
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Gestational exposure to fluoride impairs cognition in C57 BL/6 J male offspring mice via the p-Creb1-BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway.
Highlights Pregnant mice were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of sodium fluoride from GD1 to GD20. Exposure to sodium fluoride resulted in structural and functional impairments in male offspring mouse hippocampus. The activation of P-Creb1 signaling pathway played a role in sodium fluoride-induced cognitive impairment. We provided new insight
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Proteomic analysis of hippocampus in offspring male mice exposed to fluoride and lead
Fluoride and lead are two common pollutants in the environment. Previous investigations have found that high fluoride exposure can increase the lead burden. In this experiment, in order to study on the molecular mechanisms of central neural system injury induced by the above two elements, differently expressed protein spots in
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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