Abstract
Highlights
- The bioavailability of fluoride in dark tea and NaF aqueous solution was evaluated.
- Milk significantly reduced the bioavailability of fluoride in dark tea.
- In rats, butter prolonged the absorption period of fluoride from dark tea.
Fluorosis caused by consumption of dark tea is a major public health problem in the western part of China. In this study, the effects of milk powder, butter, and table salt on the bioavailability of the fluoride in an infusion of dark tea were investigated in a rat model. These substances were examined for their potential as dietary interventions to reduce the risk of tea-induced fluorosis. Fluoride was less bioavailable from the dark tea infusion than from a NaF solution. The addition of milk powder significantly decreased the amount of fluoride absorbed from the dark tea infusion and increased the amount of fluoride in fecal excretion. While butter had a limited effect on fluoride bioavailability, it prolonged the fluoride absorption period. The addition of 4?mg/mL table salt significantly increased the bioavailability of fluoride in the dark tea infusion. The addition of different flavor augmentations to a dark tea infusion had different effects on fluoride bioavailability. Therefore, dietary intervention may be a novel strategy for reducing fluorosis risk.
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Mitigation of sodium fluoride induced toxicity in mice brain by black tea infusion.
SUMMARY: In an extension of previous work on fluoride (F) toxicity in a group of 80 Swiss albino mice, the mitigating effects of polyphenols in black tea on the F-induced increase in glycogen, cholesterol, and total lipids in the cerebral hemisphere (CH), cerebellum (CB), and medulla oblongata (MO) regions of
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Estimated dietary fluoride intake for New Zealanders.
OBJECTIVES: Existing fluoride concentration and consumption data were used to estimate fluoride intakes from the diet and toothpaste use, for New Zealand subpopulations, to identify any population groups at risk of high-fluoride intake. METHODS: For each sub-population, two separate dietary intake estimates were made--one based on a non-fluoridated water supply (fluoride
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Evaluation of fluoride levels in commercially available tea in the United States.
The objective of this study was to compare fluoride levels in commercially available black tea, green tea, and matcha tea. Tea samples were purchased from a local supermarket in the United States and prepared according to the manufacturer's directions to mimic consumer activity. The selected products included 3 black teas
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Fluoride concentrations in three types of commercially packed tea drinks in Taiwan
Tea is a popular drink around the world. It is also one of the major sources of fluoride intake. The objectives of this study were to assess fluoride concentrations in popular non-, semi-, and full-fermented tea drinks sold on the Taiwan market. Concentration differences among three types of commercially available tea drinks (tea leaf,
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Effect of excessive green tea versus fluoride and caffeine on body weight and serum thyroid hormones in male mice
Green tea is a worldwide used beverage rich in fluoride and caffeine. To study the effect of excessive green tea intake versus fluoride and caffeine on body weight and serum thyroid hormones in male mice. Also, to confirm the effect of excessive green tea intake on thyroid gland was due
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Exposure Pathways Linked to Skeletal Fluorosis
Excessive fluoride exposure from any source -- and from all sources combined -- can cause skeletal fluorosis. Some exposure pathways , however, have been specifically identified as placing individuals at risk of skeletal fluorosis. These exposure pathways include: Fluoridated Water for Kidney Patients Excessive Tea Consumption High-Fluoride Well Water Industrial Fluoride Exposure Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals (Voriconazole
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Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality.
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4472-6. Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality. Lu Y, Guo WF, Yang XQ. Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Abstract: The tea plant is known as a fluorine accumulator. Fluoride (F) content in fresh leaves collected
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Skeletal Fluorosis in the U.S.
Although there has been a notable absence of systematic studies on skeletal fluorosis in the U.S., the available evidence indicates that the consumption of artificially fluoridated water is likely to cause skeletal fluorosis and other forms of bone disease in people with kidney disease and other vulnerable populations.
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Fluoride Content of Tea
Tea, particularly tea drinks made with lower quality older leaves, contain high levels of fluoride. Because of these high levels, research has found that individuals who drink large amounts of tea can develop skeletal fluorosis -- a painful bone disease caused by excessive fluoride intake. Since skeletal fluorosis is often misdiagnosed by
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Estimated "Threshold" Doses for Skeletal Fluorosis
For over 40 years health authorities stated that in order to develop crippling skeletal fluorosis, one would need to ingest between 20 and 80 mg of fluoride per day for at least 10 or 20 years. This belief, however, which played an instrumental role in shaping current fluoride policies, is now acknowledged by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and other US health authorities to be incorrect.
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