Abstract
Excessive fluoride exposure contributes to neurotoxic effects. Emodin exhibits antioxidative functions in the central nervous system (CNS); however, its neuroprotective mechanism against fluoride remains to be elucidated. Our aim was to explore the neuroprotective efficacy and the possible mechanisms of emodin. In our study, synaptic proteins and oxidative stress damage were examined after human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with high doses of NaF for 24?hours. Moreover, pretreatment with emodin was used to shed light on the neuroprotective effects in NaF-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that NaF significantly lowered the protein expressions of SNAP 25, synaptophysin and PSD 95 in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, NaF exposure increased the protein expression of p-ERK1/2 and decreased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1, as well as facilitated increasing ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Pretreatment with emodin significantly recovered these alterations caused by NaF. These data implied that the neuroprotective effects of emodin and pointed to the promising utilization for protecting against neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.
*Original abstract online at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tox.22928
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[Effects of fluoride on neural cell adhesion molecules mRNA and protein expression levels in primary rat hippocampal neurons].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fluoride on the growth and viability, and mRNA and protein expression levels of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) in primary rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS: The growth and development, the rate of cell survivor, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NCAM were measured by
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[Immunocytochemical studies on the serotonin neurons in nucleus raphe magnus in rat with chronic fluorosis].
Objective To study the serotonin neuron in rat with chronic fluorosis. Methods Animal model of chronic fluorosis in male rats was established with administration of large doses fluoride in drinking water. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in nucleus raphe magnus with immunocytochemical technique was done. Results The results
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Effect of concurrent chronic exposure of fluoride and aluminum on rat brain.
The present in vivo study was designed to investigate the toxic potential of fluoride alone and in conjugation with aluminum on the rat brain. The region-specific response of both elements was studied in different regions of brain, namely the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. Following fluoride exposure, oxidative stress increased
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Confirmation of and explanations for elevated blood lead and other disorders in children exposed to water disinfection and fluoridation chemicals
Silicofluorides (SiFs), fluosilicic acid (FSA) and sodium fluosilicate (NaFSA), are used to fluoridate over 90% of US fluoridated municipal water supplies. Living in communities with silicofluoride treated water (SiFW) is associated with two neurotoxic effects: (1) Prevalence of children with elevated blood lead (PbB>10microg/dL) is about double that in non-fluoridated
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Protective effects of curcumin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain
We examined effects of a plant polyphenolic compound, curcumin, against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain. Five experimental groups of male rats (10 animals each) were compared. Animals of these experimental groups were treated with curcumin (10 and 20 mg/kg body mass), vitamin C (10 mg/kg), and sample solvent
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