Abstract

A major public health concern in Mexico is the natural contamination of groundwater with fluoride and arsenic. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the magnitude of human health risk after determining fluoride and arsenic concentrations in groundwater samples (n = 50) from the Metropolitan area of the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Fluoride levels in water were determined via a potentiometric method using an ion-selective electrode. Arsenic concentrations in water samples were determined with an Atomic Absorption technique. Subsequently, a probabilistic health risk assessment was developed (Monte Carlo Analysis). Fluoride levels in water ranged from 0.20 to 3.50 mg/L. For arsenic, the mean level found in the assessed water samples was 15.5 ± 5.50 ?g/L (range: 2.50-30.0 ?g/L). In addition, when the probabilistic health risk assessment was completed, a mean HI (cumulative hazardous index) of higher than 1 was detected, indicating a high NCR (non-carcinogenic risk) for children and adults. According to the results found in this study, exposure protection campaigns are imperative in the Metropolitan area of the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, to successfully diminish exposure to arsenic and fluoride and, as a consequence, decrease the NCR in the population living in that region of Mexico.

*Original abstract online at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33070268/

• Related Studies :

  • Adverse effects of fluoride and/or arsenic on the cerebral hemisphere of mice and recovery by some antidotes

    SUMMARY: The effects of oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) and/or arsenic trioxide (As2O3) at 5 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight doses, respectively, for 30 days were studied on the physiology and histology of brain (cerebral hemisphere) of adult mice (Mus musculus). Recovery after 30 additional days by some antidotes

  • Co-exposure to inorganic arsenic and fluoride prominently disrupts gut microbiota equilibrium and induces adverse cardiovascular effects in offspring rats.

    Highlights Co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride leads to adverse cardiovascular effects. Co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride results in gut microbiota perturbations. Co-exposure causes more prominent effects than arsenic or fluoride alone. Strong correlations are identified between cardiovascular effects and significantly altered genera. Co-exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F-)

  • Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal proteins give protection from arsenic and fluoride-induced adverse changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in rats

    The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride (F) and arsenic (As) on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a critically important nervous system enzyme, and to test the protective role of buffalo epiphyseal (pineal) proteins (BEP) in rats. Arsenic (20 mg/kg BW, intraperitoneally) and F (150

  • Inflammatory responses induced by fluoride and arsenic at toxic concentration in rabbit aorta.

    Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the atherogenic effects of environmental toxicant arsenic and fluoride. Inflammatory mechanism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of chronic exposure to arsenic and fluoride alone or combined on inflammatory response

  • Investigation and evaluation on intelligence and growth of children in endemic fluorosis and arsenism areas.

    “This study investigated the effects of arsenism and fluorosis on the mental ability (MA) and growth of children living in areas endemic for arsenism, fluorosis , or both. The children were divided into high arsenic/fluoride group (group 1), high fluoride group (group 2), high arsenic group (group 3), and control

• Related FAN Content :

  • Skeletal Fluorosis & Individual Variability

    One of the common fallacies in the research on skeletal fluorosis is the notion that there is a uniform level of fluoride that is safe for everyone in the population. These "safety thresholds" have been expressed in terms of (a) bone fluoride content, (b) daily dose, (c) water fluoride level, (d) urinary fluoride level, and (e) blood fluoride level. The central fallacy with each of these alleged safety thresholds, however, is that they ignore the wide range of individual susceptibility in how people respond to toxic substances, including fluoride.

  • Kidney Patients Are at Increased Risk of Fluoride Poisoning

    It is well established that individuals with kidney disease are susceptible to suffering bone damage and other ill effects from low levels of fluoride exposure. Kidney patients are at elevated risk because when kidneys are damaged they are unable to efficiently excrete fluoride from the body. As a result, kidney patients

  • Mayo Clinic: Fluoridation & Bone Disease in Renal Patients

    The available evidence suggests that some patients wtih long-term renal failure are being affected by drinking water with as little as 2 ppm fluoride. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers and if fluoride is indeed the cause. It would seem prudent, therefore, to monitor the fluoride intake of patients with renal failure living in high fluoride areas.

  • Unheeded Warnings: Government Health Authorities Ignore Fluoride Risk for Kidney Patients

    Despite the well known fact that individuals with kidney disease are at much higher risk of fluoride toxicity than the general population, there has yet to be any attempt in the United States, or any other country that practices mass-scale water fluoridation to determine the prevalence of fluoride-related effects (e.g.,

  • Fluoridation of drinking water and chronic kidney disease: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

    A fairly substantial body of research indicates that patients with chronic renal insufficiency are at an increased risk of chronic fluoride toxicity. Patients with reduced glomerular filtration rates have a decreased ability to excrete fluoride in the urine. These patients may develop skeletal fluorosis even at 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water.