Abstract

Background/Aim:
Access to safe drinking water is essential to health, a basic human right and a component of effective policy for health protection. Fluoride (F) is present ubiquitously in the environment, including surface and groundwater. This compound has therapeutic properties to prevent tooth decay at low concentrations, but some research has demonstrated its toxic effects at several concentrations. Clinical and experimental studies have reported that F induces changes in cerebral morphology and biochemistry that affect emotional processes, such as anxiety and depression. The World Health Organization recommends a F concentration of 1.5 mg/L; in Mexico, the legislation establishes 0.7 mg/L as the maximum limit for drinking water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of F on behavior through the forced swim test (FST) in rats exposed to F in drinking water.

Method:
Male Wistar rats were exposed orally to F in drinking water at concentrations of 0.7, 1.5, 5 and 10 mg/L since gestation until 90 days after parturition. Two control (C1 and C2) groups were performed, C1 with distilled water and C2 with distilled water and fluoxetine at 1 mg/kg during the last 10 days. After exposure, FST and open field test were carried out to determine the depressive-like behavior and to exclude locomotor impairment, respectively.

Results:
F exposure at these doses changes the variables evaluated in FST, e.g. immobility, but do not alter locomotive capacities. Fluoxetine administration in C2 group decreased immobility in comparison to C1 group and without changes on locomotor activities.

Conclusions:
Results shows that exposure to F during development can yield to a depressive-like behavior in rats, suggesting that high intake of F must be prevented to avoid harmful effects at adulthood.

Author affiliations (Abstract number PO1.2850 on page 1211 of the 2018 ISEE abstracts):

Jairo Alvarez¹, Mario Flores², María I. Pérez¹, César Soria¹

1. University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
2. University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.

• Related Studies :

  • Characterization of nervous system intoxication in occupational fluorosis

    Neurological symptomatology in the form of the syndrome of vegetative-vascular dysfunction, or the asthenovegetative syndrome with polyneuritic (sensory and vegetative) disorders was detected in 78.8 per cent of patients with occupational fluorosis in preosteal and osteal stages. Clinical and physiological investigations of the nervous system (psycho-physiological procedures, electroencephalography, chronaximetry) showed

  • Effects of developmental fluoride exposure on rat ultrasonic vocalization, acoustic startle reflex and pre-pulse inhibition

    Rats receiving fluoride during the whole pregnancy up to the 9th day of lactation showed, when isolated at 10th day of life, a reduced rate of ultrasonic vocalizations (UV) in male pups (NaF 5.0 mg) and, in 90th days male rats, an increase of the Pre-Pulse Inhibition (PPI) with a reduction of

  • Behavioral and general effects of subacute oral arsenic exposure in rats with and without fluoride

    Consequences of oral arsenic and fluoride exposure on motor behavior and general toxicity were modeled in young adult male rats which received sodium (meta)arsenite (10 mg/kg-b.w.), sodium fluoride (5 mg/kg-b.w.), and their combination by gavage, once daily, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, 6 animals per group were dissected, while the

  • Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress, neural damage of brain and behavioral impairment of rat with fluoride exposure.

    Excess fluoride causing fluorosis, can enter in to brain, disturb oxidative status and induce neural damage. Quercetin, antioxidant flavonoid stabilizes oxidative milieu of brain by quenching free radicals. The present study aimed to report ameliorative effect of quercetin on NaF induced oxidative stress, histological alterations in the brain and behavioural

  • Neurobehavioural effects of exposure to fluoride in the earliest stages of rat development

    Highlights Exposure to low levels of Fluoride during pregnancy and lactation was studied. Fluoride produces a delay in eye opening development in all offspring. Adult offspring exposed to low Fluoride concentrations showed hypoactivity. Exposure to F reduced anxiety levels in young female and in all adult offspring. Low F concentrations

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies

    The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.

  • Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals

    An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out

  • Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain

    The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts

  • Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies

    Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies

  • Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.

    Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching