Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to fluoride exposure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify alleles/genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with dental fluorosis (DF) and to identify them as protective or risk factors. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles; the last search was performed in August 2022. Human studies that analyzed the relationship be? tween SNPs and DF published in English were included; systematic reviews and meta?analyses were excluded. Methodological quality was graded using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Eighteen articles were included, 44% of which showed high methodological quality and data from 5,625 participants aged 6 to 75 years were analyzed. The SNPs COL1A2, ESR2, DLX1, DLX2, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, miRNA17, and SOD2 were considered risk factors, and ESR1, MMP20, and ENAM were considered protec? tive factors. In conclusion, there are alleles and genotypes of different single nucleotide polymor? phisms involved in increasing or decreasing the risk of developing dental fluorosis.
*Original full-text article online at: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/10/11/211
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Collagenase 1A2 (COL1A2) gene A/C polymorphism in relation to severity of dental fluorosis
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the putative association between the presence of the COL1A2 gene A/C polymorphism and the severity of dental fluorosis in a sample exposed to high concentrations of fluoride. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out that included 80 children residing in a community
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ENAM Gene Variation in Students Exposed to Different Fluoride Concentrations.
The ENAM gene is important in the formation of tooth enamel; an alteration can affect the lengthening of the crystals, and the thickness in enamel. The objective was to determine the presence of the single nucleotide variant (SNV) rs12640848 of the ENAM gene in students exposed to different concentrations of
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Evaluation of genetic polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP9 and MMP20 in Brazilian children with dental fluorosis.
Highlights MMP2, MMP9 and MMP20 were expressed in the enamel development of the animalmodels. Polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP9 and MMP2 were not associated with dental fluorosis. Afro-descendants had a higher risk of dental fluorosis than caucasian. Recent studies suggested that genetics contribute to differences in dental fluorosis (DF) susceptibility among individuals
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Appropriate real-time PCR reference genes for fluoride treatment studies performed in vitro or in vivo
OBJECTIVE: Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is routinely performed for experiments designed to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis. Expression of reference gene(s) is expected to remain unchanged in fluoride-treated cells or in rodents relative to the corresponding untreated controls. The aim of this study was
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Dental fluorosis: variability among different inbred mouse strains.
Concurrent with the decline in dental caries has been an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis, a side-effect of exposure to greater than optimal levels of fluoride during amelogenesis. The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis are not known. We hypothesize that genetic determinants influence an individual's
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