Data availability The authors are stating that all data included in the manuscript will be available and transparent for interested users. References Ahmad, M. N., van den Berg, L. J., Shah, H. U., Masood, T., Buker, P., Emberson, L., & Ashmore, M. (2012). Hydrogen fluoride damage to vegetation from peri-urban brick kilns in Asia: A growing but unrecognised problem? Environmental Pollution, 162, 319–324. CAS  Article  Google Scholar Alvarez-Ayuso

Abstract

Crops grown in areas contaminated by industrial and agricultural fluorine (F) have gained increasing attention, however F levels in different vegetables and lettuce cultivars are rarely reported. In situ-field experiment was designed to investigate the concentration, translocation, and health risks of F in 20 vegetable species and 25 lettuce cultivars. After the growth of 150 d for vegetables and 60 d for lettuce, F concentration (12.83-138.07 mg kg-1), translocation factor (0.16-6.32), and bio-concentration factor (1.90-13.73) varied significantly between vegetable species and lettuce cultivars. According to the hazard quotient values (based on the reference dose of F), all the vegetable species appears to pose no risk to human health, while 60% of the lettuce cultivars present potential health risks to children. Therefore, the limit value of F in vegetables for adults and children should be enacted in the future. Moreover, cabbage, green radish, spinach, leaf mustard, and Frisee lettuce (Huayu) were considered as a safe dietary product. These findings contributed to the safe cultivation of vegetables and the control of fluorosis in the areas contaminated by industrial and agricultural activities.


*Original abstract online at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-022-01268-y

Data availability

The authors are stating that all data included in the manuscript will be available and transparent for interested users.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by Science and Technology Project of Guizhou branch of China Tobacco Corporation (#201907), National Natural Science Foundation of China (#41721001; #31872956), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.


*Original abstract online at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-022-01268-y