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Tamarind seed coat extract restores fluoride-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in rats.
| Environmental Science and Pollution Research | Ameeramja J, Raghunath A, Perumal E. | 25:26157–26166
AChE Lipid peroxidation Protective effect Brain Kidney Liver Mechanisms of Cellular Toxicity Nutritional Status Oxidative Stress Susceptible Populations Vitamin C

Abstract

Original abstract online at
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-2667-x

Fluoride (F–) is becoming an ineluctable environmental pollutant causing deleterious effects in humans. In the present study, we examined whether tamarind seed coat extract (TSCE) is beneficial against the F–-induced systemic toxicity and hematological changes. Wistar rats were randomly grouped as follows: group I served as control; group II intoxicated with sodium fluoride (NaF, 300 ppm) in drinking water; group III was administered through oral intubation with TSCE (100 mg/kg bw); group IV was treated with NaF (300 ppm) in association with TSCE (100 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. The results indicated that F– exposure induced oxidative stress as evidenced by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidney. F– administration modulates hematological indices—WBC, RBC, and mean corpuscular volume. Moreover, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase significantly increased on F– exposure. Conversely, ?-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and glutathione/reduced glutathione ratio were decreased. Activity of antioxidants—superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin C—was also significantly decreased due to F– administration. Treatment with TSCE effectively mitigated the alterations through its antioxidant potential. The data suggested that the TSCE had beneficial effects in alleviating the F–-induced toxicity and hence can serve as a promising neutraceutical agent.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. S.J.S. Flora for providing necessary facilities and constant encouragement to carry out the hematological analysis. This original research article is dedicated to the friendship and memory of Ms. Bhuvaneshwari Subramanian.

Funding

Azhwar Raghunath acknowledges the UGC-BSR SRF (UGC-BSR-No.F.7-25/2007) funded by UGC-BSR, New Delhi, India. This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB F. No. EMR/2014/000600), New Delhi, India, and University Grants Commission-Major Research Project F.No.37-94/2009 (SR), New Delhi, India. The authors are grateful to University Grants Commission-Special Assistance Program (UGC-SAP-II:F-3-20/2013) and Department of Science and Technology, Fund for Improvement of Science and Technology infrastructure in universities and higher educational institutions (DST-FIST:SR/FST/LSI-618/2014), New Delhi, India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641 046, India

    Jaishabanu Ameeramja, Azhwar Raghunath & Ekambaram Perumal

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ekambaram Perumal.

Ethics declarations

All the experiments were carried out according to our institutional animal care and ethics committee approved protocols and the rats were taken care in accordance with the institutional ethical guidelines (722/02/CPCSEA).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues