Tag: Africa
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Potential fluoride exposure from selected food crops grown in high fluoride soils in the Makueni County, south-eastern Kenya.
Makueni County, located in south-eastern Kenya, faces challenges such as limited potable water and restricted food supplies as the result of semi-aridity. High fluoride (F) concentrations have been reported in drinking water with resultant dental fluorosis affecting the local population. To determine the potential F exposure through the consumption of food crops grown in the […]
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Association of Dietary Calcium Intake with Dental, Skeletal and Non-Skeletal Fluorosis among Women in the Ethiopian Rift Valley.
1. Introduction Drinking water sources in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia contain fluoride (F) levels exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 1.5 mg/L [1,2]. As a consequence, many people living in the region are severely affected by fluorosis [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. In serious cases, dental fluorosis is manifested as brown mottling of the enamel and […]
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Biomarkers of chronic fluoride exposure in groundwater in a highly exposed population.
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Fluoride contamination of groundwater resources in Ghana: Country-wide hazard modeling and estimated population at risk.
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Dental fluorosis among people and livestock living on Gihaya Island in Lake Kivu, Rwanda.
Abstract Background Dental fluorosis is caused by prolonged exposure to excessive fluoride during the period of permanent tooth formation and is characterized by tooth discoloration, pitting, and loss of shape. Communities living near Lake Kivu in Western Rwanda exhibit a high prevalence of dental fluorosis; however, data on prevalence and risk factors are scarce. Methods […]
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Chronic fluorosis: the disease and its anaesthetic implications..
Abstract Chronic fluorosis is a widespread disease-related to the ingestion of high levels of fluoride through water and food. Prolonged ingestion of fluoride adversely affects the teeth, bones and other organs and alters their anatomy and physiology. Fluoride excess is a risk factor in cardiovascular disease and other major diseases, including hypothyroidism, diabetes and obesity. […]
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Dental Fluorosis in Children from Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Persistent Public Health Problem.
1. Introduction Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis are major public health concerns around the world. Regions with a high prevalence of such illnesses have been recently documented in Asia, particularly in China [1,2,3,4], India [5,6,7,8], Pakistan [9,10,11], and Sri Lanka [12,13,14]. In Africa, dental fluorosis is prevalent mainly in Sub-Saharan countries, including Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, […]
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Periodontal and dental conditions of a school population in a volcanic region of Tanzania with highly fluoridated community drinking water.
Introduction Dental fluorosis is endemic to the Rift Valley in Africa, especially in volcanic areas, and it has been attributed to the high fluoride content in daily drinking water. In some parts of Tanzania, and particularly in the Arusha region (close to a dormant strato volcano named Mount Meru), dental fluorosis is considered a health […]
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Skeletal fluorosis in a resettled refugee from Kakuma refugee camp.
“I suspected some contamination of the water of the much-frequented street pump in Broad Street, near the end of Cambridge Street”, said John Snow, about the contaminated water pump of the cholera outbreak of 1854, in London, UK.1 In September, 2015, a Somalian man aged 46 years presented to a refugee clinic within 1 month […]
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Biomonitoring of metals and trace elements in urine of central Ethiopian populations.
2.1. Study population A total of 386 individuals (10 to 50 years old) were enrolled from 27 rural communities during two sampling periods (June 2015 and May 2016) (Figure 1). Based on extensive prior work conducted to characterize the range of F– levels in community water sources in the Ethiopian Rift Valley region, communities covering […]