Adverse Effects:

Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Brain
Cholesterol
Endocrine: Pituitary
Endocrine: Testicular
Endocrine: Thymus
Kidney
Liver

Environmental Effects:

Sweden: "... high persistence, high potential for bioaccumulation and indicated potential for long-range transport. Substances like quinoxyfen may accumulate in various environmental compartments, including biota, and the effects of such accumulation are unpredictable..."

US: On Sept 29, 2003, EPA approved the first-time tolerances to be established for the residues of quinoxyfen
Cherry (sweet & tart), Grape, Hop (dried cones)

US. Time-Limited to Dec 2007:
Pumpkin
Squash, winter
Vegetable, cucurbit, subgroup 9A (includes 19 commodities)

Strawberries: 0.3 ppm (as of April 2005)
Hops: 1.0 ppm (as of Feb 2005)

July 20, 2004. New York Bureau of Pesticides declares crisis and approves the use of Quintec on pumpkins in Long Island.

IR-4. Pesticide tolerance. FINAL RULE.
in or on commodities:
-- Lettuce, head at 7.0 ppm
-- Lettuce, leaf at 19 ppm
-- Pepper, bell at 0.35 ppm
-- Pepper, nonbell at 1.7 ppm
-- Strawberry at 0.90 ppm
-- Melon, subgroup 9A at 0.08 ppm
This subgroup includes 6 commodities.
cantaloupe • citron melon • melon • melon, citron • muskmelon • watermelon

Pesticide Emergency Exemptions:

• Arizona. Crisis: On May 04, 2005, for the use of quinoxyfen on watermelons to
control powdery mildew. This program is expected to end on September 30, 2005. Contact: (Stacey Groce).
• New York. EPA authorized the use of quinoxyfen on melons, winter squash, gourds,
and pumpkin (non-edible cucurbits) to control powdery mildew; June 30,
2005 to September 30, 2005. Contact: (Stacey Groce)

The nature of the toxic effects caused by quinoxyfen are fully discussed in a Federal Register Notice published on September 29, 2003 (68 FR 55849) that
established tolerances for residues of quinoxyfen on cherries, grapes and hops.

Although this tolerance will expire and is revoked on December 31, 2007, under section 408(l)(5) of the FFDCA, residues of the pesticide not in excess of the amounts specified in the tolerance remaining in or on melon subgroup 9A, pumpkin and winter squash after that date will not be unlawful, provided the pesticide is applied in a manner that was lawful under FIFRA, and the residues do not exceed a level that was authorized by this tolerance at the time of that application. EPA will take action to revoke this tolerance earlier if any experience with, scientific data on, or other relevant information on this pesticide indicate that the residues are not safe.
Because this tolerance is being approved under emergency conditions, EPA has not made any decisions about whether quinoxyfen meets EPA's registration requirements for use on melons, winter squash, and pumpkins or whether a permanent tolerance for these uses would be appropriate. Under these circumstances, EPA does not believe that these tolerances serve as a basis for registration of quinoxyfen by a State for special local needs under FIFRA section 24(c). Nor do these tolerances serve as the basis for any State other than New York to use this pesticide on these crops under section 18 of FIFRA without following all provisions of EPA's regulations implementing FIFRA section 18 as identified in 40 CFR part 166

IR-4. Pesticide tolerances. FINAL RULE. These are the first tolerances to be established for the residues of quinoxyfen by US EPA.

The primary target organs affected by quinoxyfen are the liver and kidney. Liver effects were seen in rat and mouse subchronic and dog chronic studies. Subchronic effects in rats and mice included increased liver weights, hepatocellular hypertrophy and individual cell hepatocellular necrosis. These effects were noted at high doses and not observed in the chronic rat and mouse studies since they were performed at lower doses. Chronic effects in the dog included increased liver weights, increased alkaline phosphatase levels and increased incidences of slight microscopic hepatic lesions (increased bile in canaliculi and increased hepatocyte size). Kidney effects were noted only in the rat combined chronic/carcinogenicity study which resulted in an increased severity of chronic progressive glomerulonephropathy in the males. Rabbits were much more susceptible to the effects of quinoxyfen than any other species. Systemic effects observed in the rabbit developmental study included inanition, loss of body weight, perineal soiling, blood in the cage pan associated with urine, and abortions. Body weight decrements were noted in the rat and/or mouse subchronic, chronic and carcinogenicity studies and the rabbit developmental and rat reproduction studies.

Application for Emergency Exemption; Solicitation of Public Comment. EPA has received specific exemption requests from the Idaho Department of Agriculture, the Oregon Department of Agriculture, and the Washington State Department of Agriculture to use the pesticide quinoxyfen to treat up to a total of 19,500 acres of hops to control powdery mildew; 3,000 acres in Idaho, 3,500 acres in Oregon, and 13,000 acres in Washington. The Applicants propose the use of a new chemical which has not been registered by EPA. The U.S. is the second largest producer of hops in the world. The States estimate that there will be an 8% to 30% loss of gross revenues without the use of quinoxyfen. No risk information is provided in this petition.