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Adverse Effects
Abstracts
MSDS & Labels
ACTIVITY: Insecticide
(Benzoylurea)
CAS Name: 2-chloro-N-[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide
Structure:
Adverse
Effects:
Blood |
Environmental
Effects:
Highly
Persistent
Toxic
to bees
Very
toxic to aquatic organisms |
Regulatory
Information
(only comprehensive for the US) |
US
EPA Registered: |
No |
US
EPA PC Code: |
118201 |
California
Chemical Code |
2961 |
FDA
LMS Code: |
864 |
Registered
use in
(includes only a limited list of countries)
|
Australia,
Denmark, Hungary, New Zealand, Portugal
Africa: Burkina Faso, Cape Verde,
Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
Senegal, South Africa |
Other
Information |
Molecular
Formula: |
C15H10Cl
F3 N2O3 |
Entry
Year: |
1989 |
Manufacturers: |
Bayer
of Germany |
Other
Names: |
Alsystin
Trimuran
Zapp
BAY SIR 8514
Clipguard
Epic Pour On
IGR Pour On |
Manufacture
site: |
GERMANY:
Bayer, Dormagen-Bayerwerk
CHINA:
Jilin Tonghua Chemical
CHINA:
Tonghua City Agrochemicals |
Of
special interest: |
PAN
Data |
Material
Safety Data Sheets & Labels |
Levels
of residues on Australian wool. 1998-1999. |
Abstracts |
October
2001 -
Glossary of Pesticide Chemicals.
A listing of pesticides subject to analysis
of residues in foods and feeds by the US Food and Drug Administration.
|
Triflumuron
is a benzoylurea insecticide
Of the 11insecticides identified below
as benzoylureas,
10 are organofluorines.
Benzoylureas
are an entirely different class of insecticides that
act as insect growth regulators (IGRs). Rather than
being the typical poisons that attack the insect nervous
system, they interfere with chitin synthesis and are taken
up more by ingestion than by contact. Their greatest value
is in the control of caterpillars and beetle larvae. Benzoylureas
were first used in Central America in 1985, to control a
severe, resistant leafworm complex (Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia
spp.) outbreak in cotton. The withdrawal of the ovicide
chlordimeform made their control quite difficult due to
their high reistance to almost all insecticide classes,
including the pyrethroids. The first
benzoylureas were introduced in 1978 by Bayer of Germany,
triflumuron (Alsystin(r)) being
the first. Others appearing since then are chlorfluazuron
(Atabron(r), Helix(r)), followed by
teflubenzuron (Nomolt(r),
Dart(r)), hexaflumuron
(Trueno(r), Consult(r)), flufenoxuron
(Cascade(r)), and flucycloxuron
(Andalin(r)). Others are flurazuron,
novaluron, and diafenthiuron.
Lufenuron (Axor(r))
is the newest addition to this group, appearing in 1990.
Surprisingly, none of these are registered in the U.S. The
only benzoylurea registered in the U.S. is diflubenzuron
(Figure 21) (Dimilin(r), Adept(r), Micromite(r)). It was
first registered in 1982 for gypsy moth, cotton boll weevil,
most forest caterpillars, soybean caterpillars, and mushroom
flies, but now with a much broader range of registrations.
Mode of action--The benzoylureas act on the larval stages
of most insects by inhibiting or blocking the synthesis
of chitin, a vital and almost indestructible part of the
insect exoskeleton. Typical effects on developing larvae
are the rupture of malformed cuticle or death by starvation.
Adult female boll weevils exposed to diflubenzuron lay eggs
that do not hatch. And, mosquito larvae control can be achieved
with as little as 1.0 gram of diflubenzuron per acre of
surface water.
Ref: An
Introduction to Herbicides (3rd
edition) by George W. Ware
|
October
2002 - Factsheet. Guidelines
for producing European eco-label and nil residue wool. Western
Australia Department of Agriculture. |
No
diflubenzuron or triflumuron to be used, as residue levels are
likely to exceed limits. |
Eco-label
wool does not mean nil residue wool and the current limits for
pesticide levels can be achieved fairly easily using standard
production systems. The pesticide limits for greasy wool are:
|
Total
synthetic pyrethroids (SP) |
less
than 0.5 mg/kg |
Total
organophosphates (OP) |
less than
2 mg/kg |
Total
insect growth regulators (IGR)* |
less than
2 mg/kg |
*IGRs
cover diflubenzuron (e.g. Magnum, Strike, Fleececare etc.) and
triflumuron (e.g. Zapp, etc.). Use of
either of these chemicals is likely to exceed this level, e.g.
expected residues from using triflumuron (e.g. Zapp etc.) off-shears
is 25Ð30 mg/kg... |
|
- |
Organo-
phosphates
|
Synthetic
pyrethroids |
Cyromazine |
Dicyclanil |
Diflubenzuron |
Triflumuron |
1992-93 |
10.2 |
5.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1993-94 |
9.0 |
6.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1994-95 |
4.3 |
5.7 |
5.2 |
- |
- |
- |
1995-96 |
4.4 |
5.5 |
6.3 |
- |
- |
- |
1996-97 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
8.7 |
- |
1.2 |
3.5 |
1997-98 |
5.8 |
3.3 |
5.8 |
- |
3.6 |
6.1 |
1998-99 |
2.4 |
1.6 |
7.4 |
- |
3.5 |
7.6 |
1999-00 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
5.1 |
0.1 |
2.9 |
9.0 |
Source:
Woolmark Company |
|